topic 1 alevel bio - biological molecules

Monomer of carbohydrates

Glucose

Monosaccharides

Polymer of carbohydrates

Starch

Polysaccharides

Monomer of lipids

Fatty acids

Glycerol

Nucleic acids monomer

Nucleotides

Polymer of nucleic acids

DNA & Rna

Dipole

Molecule with positive and negative end

What do carbon molecules in straight chains make

Fatty acids

What do carbon molecule make in branched chains

Amino acids

What do carbon molecules make in ring structures

Benezenek

Products of photosynthesis for transport

Sucrose (disaccharide)

Products of photosynthesis for metabolism

Glucose (monosaccharides)

Monosaccharides properties

Small with low molecular mass

Sweet tasting

Crystalline

Readily soluble in H2o

Examples of monosaccharides

Pentoses: ribose

Hexoses: glucose

What are hexoses used for

Energy source

Monosaccharides general formula

(CH2O)n

What are pentoses used for

Nucleic acids

Pentoses: ribose general formula

C5H10O5

Properties of disaccharides

Small with low molecular mass

Sweet tasting

Crystalline Readily soluble

Less soluble in H2o than monosaccharides

Examples of disaccharides

Sucrose

Maltose

Lactose

Sucrose, lactose and maltose general formula

C12H22O11

Properties of polysaccharides

Large molecules - high molecular mass

Not sweet

Not crystalline

Insoluble or not readily soluble in h2o

Examples of polysaccharides

Glycogen, starch, cellulose

Properties of water

Density

Cohesiveness and surface tension

High specific heat capacity, high latent heat, high heat of vaporisation

Description of water density

Water has the highest density at 4°c this means that there is always liquid water under ice

Benefits/uses pf water density

Aquatic organisms have cold but liquid water to live in during the winter

Description of water cohesiveness and surface tension

Water molecules are attracted together by their dipolar nature

Water will move together due to these forces of attraction h bonds

Benefits/uses of water cohesiveness and surface tension

Water can be drawn upwards against gravity (trees)

Description of water high sh lh lhov

Water can be absorb a very high level of energy before either the temp changes or water changes from liquid to gas

Water is thermally stable

Benefits/uses of shc lh lhov

Maintains body temp over a very narrow range (homeostasis)