Intro to Counseling Exam 1

Counseling Psych Roles

• Remedial

• Preventative

• Developmental/Educational

Remedial Role

Working with individuals or groups to remedy problems that have already occurred (ex: crisis intervention)

Preventative Role

Working to forestall and prevent problems that haven’t occurred yet (ex: substance abuse relapse prevention)

Developmental/Educational

Working to help individuals or groups gain skills, derive maximum benefits from situations, develop potentialities, and enhance effectiveness and satisfaction (ex: study skills workshop at a college)

Defining Values of Counseling Psych

• Strengths + Optional Functioning

• Life-Span Development + Vocational Growth

• Social Justice + Multicultural Awareness

• Brief, Educational, and Preventative Interventions

• Scientist-Practitioner Model

Strengths + Optimal Functioning

Focuses on strengths and utilizing them rather than on weaknesses or disturbances (health vs. sickness)

Life-Span Development + Vocational Growth

Helping individuals throughout their lives and major life changes, helping with vocational volition, enhancing career development, and focusing on normal development

Social Justice + Multicultural Awareness

Seeking to help and understand people from a diverse range of backgrounds and social contexts, with a focus on person-environment interactions

Brief, Educational, and Preventative Intervention

Relatively short interventions (up to 6 months) to maximize client benefits and help prevent further issues. Also sometimes due to insurance/managed care company mandates.

Scientist-Practitioner Model

Belief that science should influence practice and vice versa, meaning that research and its application should be involved in the practice of counseling psych

Psychologist

• PsyD/PhD/EdD

• 2 years for Masters, 4-6 years for Doctorate, 1-2 years of full-time internship

• Training in psychotherapy, ethics, behavior, stats, development, research, assessment, and personality

• Can prescribe meds in certain states with additional training

Psychiatrist

• MD/MS

• Med school with broad bio. focus for 4 years, then 3-4 years of specialized treatment and diagnostic residency, with a focus on meds

• Can prescribe meds

Counselor/Therapist

• MA/MS

• 2 years for Masters, then 1-2 years of full-time internship

• Training in psychotherapy, ethics, behavior, stats, development, research, assessment, and personality

Social Worker

• MSW

• 2 years for Masters, then 2-3 years of supervised clinical work

• Training in human behavior, psychotherapy, and community resources

Philosophical Systems of Ethics

• Deontology (Duty)

• Utilitarian (Ethics)

• Principle-Based (Principles)

• Virtue Ethics (Values)

APA Ethical Standards

1. Resolving Ethical Issues

2. Competence

3. Human Relations

4. Privacy + Confidentiality

5. Advertising + Other Public Statements

6. Record Keeping + Fees

7. Education + Training

8. Research + Publications

9. Assessment

10. Therapy

Ethical Principles

• Beneficence + Nonmaleficence

• Fidelity + Responsibility

• Integrity

• Justice

• Respect for People’s Rights + Dignity

Beneficence + Nonmaleficence

Promote well-being and do no harm

Fidelity + Responsiblity

Fulfill obligations, be honest and truthful, and honor responsibilities

Integrity

Be honest, accurate, and truthful, and don’t cheat, commit fraud, steal, or intentionally misrepresent yourself

Justice

Use good and fair judgement in all scenarios and decisions

Respect for People’s Rights + Dignity

Respect autonomy, guard against biases, and never violate a person’s rights

Available Remedial Directives

• Cease + Desist

• Corrective Action

• Supervision Requirement

• Education Requirement

• Evaluation and/or Treatment

• Probation

Available Sanctions

• Reprimand

• Censure

• Expulsion

Self Awareness

A stable characteristic (self-knowledge) and state of heightened self-focus (sensitivity to here and now)

Helping Characteristics

• Careful and empathetic listening

• Being nonjudgmental

• Openness to new experiences and perspectives

• Being approachable and friendly

• Enjoying listening

Hindering Characteristics

• Perfectionism

• Defensiveness

• Not being open to ambiguity

• Lack of courage for uncomfortable topics