Chemistry: The Central Science 13th Edition Chapter 5 Equations/math only

Define Kinetic Energy

and equation

energy of motion

v = velocity

Joule unit

what are joules a measure of?

energy

work

heat by extension

conversion of 1 liter of atmospheric pressure to Joules

1 L-atm = 101.3J

Calorie -joule conversion

4.184J

define internal energy

what is it's sign

What is it's formula

sum of all kinetic/potential energies of the components of a system

denoted by E

Final value - initial value = E

What does ΔE stand for

change in internal energy

How to calculate change in internal energy of a system

change in internal energy

ΔE = q + w

q = heat (quantity of)

q and w can be positive or negative depending on if work/heat is being absorbed/done on the system or released/done by the system

two conditions that effect internal energy

temperature and pressure

State Function -

Does E depend on the path a system takes to get to it's final state (all those energy changes)?

NO, only the current state

You could heat a pot of water to 25 degrees C or cooling to 25 degrees C. Both are still 25 degrees C

Since E is a state function what does ΔE depend on?

initial and final states, not how the change occurs (heating vs cooling)

Enthalpy definition

H = E + PV

a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. (potential of a system to create heat)

Change in enthaply

Pressure-volume work equation

w = -PΔV

ΔV = Vfinal - Vinitial

conversion of 1 liter of atmospheric pressure to Joules

1 L-atm = 101.3J

Define specific heat

Specific heat sign

Specific heat of water

Heat reqired to reaise temp of one gram of substance 1K (1 degree Celsius). It's a measure of heat capacity

Cs

water-

1.00cal/g(Celsius) OR 4.18J/g(Celsius)

Specific heat equation

Heat transferred/mass x temperature change

what is q

a quantity of temperature

Constant pressure caloimetry equation

q(soln) = m x Cs x ΔT = -q(rxn)

So, q(rxn) = -m x Cs x ΔT

reactants and products have same number but opposite sign

When doing caloemetry...

Assume perfect calometer

Assume density and specific heat of solution is same as water

specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g-K

What does ΔH depend on

initial state, final state, amount of matter involved

Enthaply of formation, ΔHf

aka; Heat of formation)

the enthaply change when ONE MOLE of the product is formed from it's elements in their standard states

The enthalpy of formation of any element in it's standard state is zero

(list of standard enthalpies of formation in back of book)

equation for using Hess's law and Enthalpy of formation to determine (ΔH

Remember ΔHf is Enthalpy of formation

n and m = the coefficients

When canceling out parts of equations do the coefficents have to be the same? YES and you can cancel only some of the coefficient I think