Bonds & Water Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to bonding and chemistry from the lecture notes.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Electronegativity

A measure of the ability of an atom in a molecule to draw bonding electrons to itself.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed when two non-metal atoms share electrons.

Ionic Bond

A bond that forms when one atom transfers electrons to another atom.

Radioactive Decay

The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.

Carbon-14 Dating

A method for determining the age of an object by measuring the amount of Carbon-14 it contains.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outer shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.

Polar Molecule

A molecule that has regions of positive and negative charges due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Hydrogen Bond

A weak bond that forms between a positively charged hydrogen atom and a negatively charged atom.

Chemical Equilibrium

A state in which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, leading to stable concentrations of reactants and products.