Botany

description

autotroph

Makes its own food (ex: plants)

Gets energy by consuming organic compounds / other organisms (ex: animals)

heterotroph

photosynthesis

Uses light energy to make organic food molecules (ex: Plants, algae, some bacteria)

eukaryotes

Plants, like most animals, are multicellular…

feed

The word “botany” is derived from Greek meaning to…

water

When plants moved from the sea to the land, the most critical environmental factor became…

xylem and phloem

The two major components of the vascular systems are…

originating from apical meristems

Primary growth refers to growth…

phytoremediation

Using plants to clean up pollutants in soils, lakes, etc.

corn, soybeans, cotton

GMO crops:

autotrophic, eukaryotes, multicellular

Heterotrophic organisms evolved before ____organisms, prokaryotes before ____, and unicellular organisms before ____ organisms

4.6 billion, 3.5 billion

The Earth is ____ years old and the oldest known fossils date back ____ years.

12

If each gamete of a plant has 12 chromosomes, what is the haploid chromosome number of that plant?

cellulose

In the cell wall, _____ molecules are united to form microfibrils.

chromoplasts

_____ are plastids that lack chlorophyll but contain carotenoid pigments.

amyloplasts

______ are colorless plastids that synthesize and store starch.

chloroplast

______ are plastids that contain chlorophyll; photosynthesis occurs in them.

moves water

xylem

moves food

phloem

Channels connecting neighboring plant cells for communication and transport.

plasmodesmata

cell wall, chloroplast, and a large central vacuole

The three main differences between plant cells and animal cells is that plant cells have…

photosynthesis

Most important reaction in the biosphere.

protoderm

——→Gives rise to epidermis/dermal tissue

ground meristem

——→Gives rise to ground tissues

procambium

——→Gives rise to xylem and phloem

trichomes

hair-like epidermal growths

stoma

pores on leaves and stems; regulate gas exchange and water loss

p-proteins

Found in the phloem of vascular plants; acts as an “emergency seal” when a plant is injured.

guard cells

Control stomatal opening and closing

cuticle

Waxy covering that helps minimize water loss.

differentiation

Cell specialization

collenchyma

Flexible support for young or growing parts; composed of alive cells

sclerenchyma

Strong, rigid support; composed of dead cells

parenchyma

Photosynthesis, wound regeneration; composed of alive cells

Robert Hooke (cell = small chambers from magnified slices of cork), Matthian Schleiden (German Botanist; tissue consists of cells), Rudolph Virchow (physiologist; cells come from pre-existing cells).

Scientists who came up with the parts of Cell Theory:

lysosomes

Found in both plants and animals.

primary growth

Every plant has this.

secondary growth

Select plants have this (like trees).

L1 (epidermis), L2 (subepidermis), L3(inner corpus)

SAM (Shoot Apical Meristem) layers:

Cell Cycle

G1, S, G2, M

vascular

Transport

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Ground

nuclear envelope, organelles, cytoskeleton

Prokaryotes do NOT have: