Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives

These flashcards cover key hydrocarbons and their derivatives, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, along with their uses and applications.

Methane

Fuel for cooking and heating.

Ethane

Used in the production of ethylene, a precursor for plastics.

Propane

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) used for cooking.

Butane

Utilized in lighters and portable stoves.

Pentane

A solvent and blowing agent for foam.

Hexane

Used for the extraction of vegetable oil.

Heptane

Lab solvent and used for fuel testing.

Octane

A component of gasoline.

Nonane

A component of jet fuel.

Decane

Used as a diesel and industrial solvent.

Ethene (Ethylene)

A key ingredient in plastics, specifically polyethylene.

Propene

Used in the production of polypropylene plastics.

Butene

A precursor in synthetic rubber production.

Pentene

Utilized in lubricant additives.

Hexene

A co-monomer for polyethylene.

Heptene

Used in making fragrances.

Octene

Functioning as a plasticizer.

Nonene

Used in detergents and lubricants.

Decene

An ingredient in engine oils.

Undecene

Utilized as a surfactant.

Ethyne (Acetylene)

Commonly used for welding and cutting metals.

Propyne

Used in organic synthesis.

Butyne

Functions as a pharmaceutical precursor.

Pentyne

Used in specialty chemical synthesis.

Hexyne

Commonly used in organic laboratory reactions.

Heptyne

Used in fragrance synthesis.

Octyne

Utilized in flavor and fragrance chemicals.

Nonyne

A source of intermediates for surfactants.

Decyne

Used as a lubricant additive.

Undecyne

Applied in specialty organic synthesis.

Dimethyl ether

Used as an aerosol propellant and clean fuel.

Diethyl ether

Historically used as an anesthetic and solvent.

Methyl ethyl ether

Applied as an industrial solvent.

Methyl propyl ether

Functions as a chemical intermediate.

Ethyl propyl ether

Used as an extraction solvent.

Diisopropyl ether

Solvent for oils and fats.

MTBE

A gasoline additive.

ETBE

An alternative to MTBE as a fuel additive.

Dipropyl ether

Applied as a solvent.

Dibutyl ether

Utilized in fragrances and solvents.

Methanol

Used as fuel and antifreeze.

Ethanol

Found in beverages, sanitizer, and as a fuel.

Propanol

Functions as a disinfectant and solvent.

Butanol

Utilized as a solvent and biofuel.

Pentanol

Applied in flavoring and solvents.

Hexanol

Ingredient in perfumes.

Heptanol

A pharmaceutical intermediate.

Octanol

Used in plasticizer production.

Nonanol

Applied in perfumes and lubricants.

Decanol

Functions as a surfactant and plasticizer.

Methanal (Formaldehyde)

A disinfectant and ingredient in resins.

Ethanal

Used as a flavoring agent and solvent.

Propanal

Commonly utilized in plastics and pharmaceuticals.

Butanal

Functions in rubber accelerators.

Pentanal

Used in flavor and fragrance applications.

Hexanal

Applied in food flavoring.

Heptanal

Used in perfumes.

Octanal

Known for citrus fragrances.

Nonanal

Used in perfumes and insect repellents.

Decanal

Utilized in soaps and detergents.

Propanone (Acetone)

Commonly used as a nail polish remover and solvent.

Butanone (MEK)

An industrial solvent.

Pentanone

Used as a resin and paint solvent.

Hexanone

A pharmaceutical intermediate.

Heptanone

Commonly used in fragrances.

Octanone

An ingredient in perfumes.

Nonanone

Used in flavor and fragrance applications.

Decanone

Used in organic synthesis.

Cyclohexanone

Applied in nylon production.

2-Butanone

Utilized in adhesives and coatings.