Sociological Perspectives and Classical Theorists

These flashcards cover key concepts and theorists from the study unit on sociological perspectives and classical theorists, essential for understanding foundational sociological theory.

What is the origin of the word 'theory'?

The Greek word 'theos' meaning 'god'.

What does a good theory demonstrate in sociology?

Parsimony, simplicity, and the ability to be tested against empirical reality.

Who is considered the first sociologist?

Ibn Khaldun.

What is positivism?

The philosophical view that valid knowledge is only derived from observable phenomena.

What are Durkheim's main concepts related to social facts?

Values, norms, and institutions that exist outside the individual.

What is the main focus of conflict theory?

The competition between groups for scarce and valued resources.

What is the significance of the functionalist perspective in sociology?

It emphasizes social stability and the interrelatedness of societal parts.

What critical approach does decolonial theory propose?

It challenges the effects of colonialism and seeks to re-evaluate the current social structures from an African perspective.

What does the concept of 'homo duplex' refer to in Durkheim's theory?

The duality of human nature influenced by societal and individual forces.

How does symbolic interactionism differ from other sociological perspectives?

It focuses on social interactions and the meanings individuals assign to them.