Unit 4 - Health & Illness 2

delirium is acute, dementia is progressive

what is the difference between delirium and dementia?

hemolysis

what does the H in HELLP stand for?

elevated liver enzymes

what does the EL in HELLP stand for?

low platelets

what does the LP in HELLP stand for?

acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

primarily caused by prolonged ischemia or nephrotoxin exposure

prerenal AKI

most common type of AKI that occurs d/t affected renal blood flow & perfusion

ex: hypotension, nephrotoxins, burns, surgery, HF

intrarenal AKI

type of AKI that occurs d/t acute damage to renal tissue and nephrons

ex: acute glomerulonephritis, prolonged HTN, nephrotoxins, sepsis, rhabdomyolysis

postrenal AKI

type of AKI that occurs d/t prevention of kidney outflow

ex: BPH, calculi, cancers, neurogenic bladder

maintenance phase of AKI

phase of AKI:

• fall in GFR

• AKN

• oliguria

• azotemia

• uremia

recovery phase of AKI

phase of AKI:

• cell repair & regeneration

• GFR returns to normal

• diuresis

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

progressive, irreversible decline in renal function

RAAS → HTN → proteinuria → glomerulosclerosis

• causes: diabetes, HTN, chronic glomerulonephritis, infections, drugs/toxins

glomerulonephritis (nephrotic syndrome)

proteinuria → increased LDL production/clearance → renal failure → increased Na/H2O retention → HTN & edema

sodium, calcium

what 2 electrolytes are LOW in patients with CKD?

potassium, phosphorus

what 2 electrolytes are HIGH in patients with CKD?

hyperparaythyroidism

what secondary condition commonly occurs in patients with CKD receiving dialysis?

creatinine clearance

rate at which creatinine is excreted from blood by kidney

24 hour urine collection which is the best indicator of overall renal function

• normal: 85-105 mL/min

albumin

protein needed to maintain growth & repair tissues’

may be low in kidney disease, liver disease, malnutrition, dialysis pt, etc.

• normal: 3.5-5 g/dL