Final - Term list 12

latifundia

land that the wealthy had, acres with slaved, technically illegal

ager publicus

technical term meaning public land, similar to BLM

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus

noble youth, held financial office at one point, saw economic disparity of rome with land, wanted land to be returned to the people

133 BCE

beginning of the revolution

senatus consultum ultimum

death sentence, all due process for an individual forgone

gaius Sempronius Gracchus

brother of tiberius, hated the senate, senate got death sentence against himp

precedent

a standard way of doing things

populares

enjoyed new way of getting legislation passed, like how gracchus did it

optimates

like old way of getting legislation passed

Gaius Marius

military genious, changed policy of having to own land to be in military

Mules of Marius

soldiers referred to themselves because they carried so much with them

L cornelius Sulla

consul after Marius, got massive army approved to fight Mirthridates, turned on romesMir

Mirthridates

attacked rome, paid pirates to attack roman vessels,

Mirthridatism

drinking poison recipe to build up immunity for poison

Asiatic Vespers

slaughter of the romans, included proscriptions from sulla

Gn, Pompeius Magnus

put together private army, marched with sulla, later defeated pirates in 3 months, ended up fighting mirthridates and then finally betrayed caesar in the end

M licinius Crassus

had private army, marched with sulla, eventually when sulla died switched sides, was part of triumvirate

Lex Gabinia

Gave pompey the great imperium infinitum through council of plebs

imperium infinitum

imperium without borders, no confined to a province

63 BCE

mirthridates dies, caesar elected at praetor, pompeys easter campaign ends

Julius Caesar

known for his military leadership, political reforms, and his eventual dictatorship of Rome, which led to the downfall of the Roman Republic. He is also remembered for his relationship with Cleopatra and his assassination in the Roman Senate

Pontifex Maximus

chief priest of the Roman state religion, holding the highest religious authority in ancient Rome

M Tullius cicero

known for his achievements as a Roman orator, lawyer, statesman, and writer. He was renowned for his powerful speeches, brilliant legal arguments, and influential philosophical and political writings, solidifying his legacy as a pivotal figure in the late Roman Republic and beyond

Catiliinarian Conspiracy

Catiline, a Roman senator and aristocrat, sought to overthrow the existing government, led by Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Antonius Hybrida. The conspiracy involved plans to assassinate officials, burn Rome, and eliminate debt

M porcius Cato

served as tribune, sat in the senate

G, Octavius Thurinus

got horoscope from theagenes, predicted to be ruler of the world

Theagenes

reader of horoscopes, gave on to Thurinus

First Triumvirate

group of 3 men, caesar pompey and crassus

Julia

daughter of caesar given to pompey to parry, dies in childbirth with childM

M. Calpurnius Bibulus

consul alongside julius caesar

commentary on the gallic wars

caesar wrote a book of firsthand account of gallic wars

Rubicon

a river, signaling Caesars passing the point of no return in battle

alea iacta est

meaning “the die has been cast” there is no turning back now

celeritas and clementia

swiffness and speed, and mercy given to beaten soldiers

Marcus Antonius

put in command of rome while caesar was away

battle of pharsalus

pompey entire military force vs caesar, pompey had twice as many but caesar still won, pompey fled

Cato uticensis

Killed himself by disembowlment, didn’t want to live in the roman power

Cleopatra

caesar gave her support and she won pharoahC

aesarion

baby of caesar and cleopatra

veni, vidi, vici

I came, I saw, I conquered

M Junius Brutus

betrayed caesar and killed him with other senators

C Cassius Longus

killed caesar, teamed up to save rome from having a “king”

March 15, 44 BCE

Caesar stabbed and killed, ides of march