a&p lab quiz 1

Role of plasma membrane

Separation and regulation to maintain homeostasis

What makes up the plasma membrane

Lipids and proteins mainly but also carbohydrates

Phospholipid bilayer

Contain a polar hydrophilic heads and nonpolar hydrophobic tails that allow small nonpolar molecules to pass through freely and requires channels and protein carries to assist ions, polar molecules

Diffusion

movement of solutes down a gradient ie respiration, nutrient distribution, waste removal

two types of transport

passive and active (require ATP)

solute

a molecule that is dissolved or broken down into smaller molecules or ions

solvent

the liquid in which a solute is dissolved

Rates of diffusion will depend on:

Molecular weight, molecular size, media size, viscosity, membrane permeability, concentration gradient, and temperature 

osmosis

Diffusion of water from low to high

isotonic solution

Concentration of water is the same inside and outside the cell (still movement though)

hyptonic solution

Less solute inside the cell causing water to enter and causing the cell to swell and lyse

hypertonic solution

More solute outside the cell causing the water to go out and shrinking +crenating (scalloping) the cell

tonicity

• is the comparison of relative concentrations of two solutions, separated by a selectively permeable membrane.

• is related to solute content

• gives information about potential changes in cell volume when cells are placed in that solution

• is related to membrane permeability to solutes

A(n) _____ solution has a higher concentration of water and lower concentration of solute than the cell placed in the solution

hypotonic

• in a hypotonic solution, the solution itself has a lower solute concentration (and correspondingly higher water concentration) compared to the inside of the cell

do protein channels and carriers facilitate the passage of polar or nonpolar molecules?

polar molecules and ions

what does facilitated diffusion transport?

sugars and amino acids

True or False facilitated diffusion requires a specific transporter for a specific molecule

true

red blood cells are also called

erythrocytes

in an isotonic solution a rbc is shaped like a

iozenge shaped

What happens to RBCs in a hypotonic solution?

they will burst in a process called hemolysis

What happens to RBCs in a hypertonic solution?

they will crenate and shrivel

human erythrocytes (RBCs) function best in a ____ solution

isotonic

An increase in temperature will cause an increase in diffusion rate because

the frequency and force of molecular collisions increases.

what is the formula for finding average diffusion rate?

change in diameter/time in hours

What was the effect of concentration on the rate of diffusion in the lab? What occurred to the rate of diffusion as time elapsed?

the rate of diffusion decreased for all three concentrations of potassium permanganate crystals regardless of concentration