Sec+ 3.0 Vocab

Cryptography

Cryptography

The idea of alternating data to make it unintelligible to unauthorized parties.

Plaintext

The encrypted data after is it decrypted or the the data that is unencrypted but about to be encrypted.

Ciphertext

Data that has been enciphered and cannot be read without the cipher key

Algorithim

AKA a cipher, the operation that transforms plaintext to ciphertext

Cryptanalysis

The science and art associated with breaking codes and ciphers.

Encryption

Scrambling the characters used in a message so that message can be seen but not understood or modified.

A secure way of transmitting data and authenticating users.

A way to store data more securely

Key

A specific piece of information that is used in conjunction with an algorithm to perform encryption and decryption.

Symmetric encryption

AKA Shared-key encryption. 2-way encryption and decryption where they both have the same key.

Key length

The size of the cryptographic key in bits. The longer the key the better the security.

Asymmetric algorithm

Cipher that uses public and private keys. The private key is not derivable from the public key. Cannot reverse the operation it performs (ie. a public key cannot decrypt what it has encrypted)

Mathematically linked.

Public key

During asymmetric encryption, it is freely distributed and can be used to perform the reverse encryption or decryption operation of the linked private key in the pair.’

More easily: same key used to unlock/locl

Private key

In asymmetric encryption, this key is only known to the holder. Not derivable from the public key.

Can be used to encrypt data that can be decrypted by the linked public key. VV

more easily: One key to lock, a different key to unlock

Blockchain

A concept where an expanding list of transactional records listed in a public ledger are secured using cryptography.

Open public ledger

Underpins the integrity of blockchains. Distributed public records of transactions.

Steganography

The practice of concealing a file, message, image or video within another file, message, image, or video.

Hashing

Is the process of converting one value into another.

2 messages will have different hashing values.

Salting a hash

Adding a random number to the data being hashed before the hash. Randomly determined each time.

Ephemeral Keys

Used with messaging because each message has a new key associated with it.

Hybrid Cryptosystems

Combines the efficiency of symmetric encryption with the convenience of asymmetric encryptionnum.

Stream Cipher

Symmetric encryption method. Encryption one bit at a time. Key is the same length as the data.

Block Ciphers

Encrypted one block at a time.

Lightweight Cryptography

Standardized encryption algorithms meant to be used on IoT devices.

Homomorphic Encryption

Allows the data to be worked on without decrypting it first.