REINFORMNE T

A1C

past 3 months glucose exam

Schedule 1 - 5 medicine

1. illegal 5. easier to get

capitation

monthly payments based on how many patients

Hepa-

related to the liver, gallbladder, panchreas

Nephr-

Kidneys

ancillary services

everything in one faiclity, more convinient… urgent care, lab services, diagnose imaging, occupatiobal / physical therapy

Vitamin A

Night vision, cell growth and maintenance, the health of the skin

Vitamin K

Blood clotting, bone growth

Vitamin B12

Protein and fat metabolism, nerve-cell maintenance, cell development

value-based plans

• Improved patient outcomes

• Improved patient satisfaction

• Lower cost

• Health care professional well-being

Point-of-service (POS) plan

POS plans allow a great deal of flexibility for patients. They can self-refer to specialists and do not need an assigned PCP. Like PPO, the cost depends on whether the providers they see are within the plan's panel.

General practitioners

doctors who treat acute and chronic illnesses and provide patients with preventive care and health education.

adverse reactions

Unwanted or undesired effects that are possibly related to taking a medication, usually secondary to the main effect of the medication.

Analgesics

Relieve pain - Acetaminophen, hydrocodone, codeine

Anticholinergics

Smooth muscle spasms

Anticoagulants

Delay blood clotting - Warfarin, apixaban, heparin

Antiemetics

Reduce nausea, vomiting

Antihistamines

Relieve allergies - Diphenhydramine, cetirizine, loratadine

Antilipemics

Lower cholesterol

Antipyretics

Reduce fever

Bronchodilators

Relax airway muscles

Diuretics

Eliminate excess fluid

Oral hypoglycemics

Reduce blood glucose

side effects

A secondary reaction to the one intended.

BMI

18.5 under

18.5 - 24.9 - healthy

25-29.9- overweight

30+ OBESE

Elixir

meds mixed togetger to take

Indications

why provider is prescribing meds

Contraindications

are symptoms or conditions that make a specific treatment or medication inadvisable or even dangerous.

Parenteral Routes

Injectable meds

non parental

oral meds

Intraderma

in the skin at 10-15

intramuscular

in the muscle at 90

subcutenous

in the fat at 45

LDL

bad cholesterol

HDL

good cholesterol

Pharmacokinetics

the study of how medications move through the body. Understanding the four actions pharmacokinetics involves—absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Plasma membrane 

Separates the internal components of the cell from the surrounding environment

Essential to the life of the cell

Sagittal plane:

left and right

transverse

upper and lower sections

frontal plane

anterior (front) and posterior (back)

Thoracic cavity:

lungs, heart

abdominal

stomach liver gallblader

skin layers

• Epidermis layer:

• Dermis layer:

• Subcutaneous layer:

Appendicular skeleton:

126 bones

ligaments

bone to bone for joint stability

tendons

join muscle to bone for mobility

Flat bones

sighly curved, like ribs ans skull

Skeletal muscle

body movement (voluntary)

smooth muscle

involuntary

cardiac muscle

involuntary

antibody

Protein the body creates in response to antigens. naturally

antigen

Foreign substance within the body.

Spleen

filters blood, removing old blood cells and bacteria

Artificially acquired active immunity:

vaccine

Naturally acquired passive immunity

you get them from somebody else

bundle of His

2nd back up generators of the heart. MIDDLE OF HEART

20-60 BPM

urkinje fibers

3rd back up generators of the heart. BOTTOM OF HEART.

20-40 BPM

SA node

1st back up generators of the heart. TOP OF THE HEART.

60-100 BPM

Stomach

LEFT UPPER QUADRANT LUQ

Liver

RUQ RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT

Skin cancer: melanoma

A skin mole with specific characteristics

• Asymmetry: irregular shape

• Border: rough; irregular

• Color: nonuniform

Diameter: More than ¼ inch

Sprain

RICE

• Rest

• Ice

• Compression​​​​​​​

• Elevation

Gout

Red, hot, swollen joint

Most common in the big toe.

Excessive accumulation of uric acid in a joint, forming needle-like crystals in the joint

Muscular dystrophy

Chronic and progressive muscle weakness leading to eventual paralysis of muscle groups

Myopathy

muscle weakness

Hemophilia

Excessive bleeding, frequent bruising

Shingles

Blisters and pain on the skin in a bandlike pattern that follows the path of the affected nerves

Graves’ disease

Caused by malfunction in the body’s immune system that disrupts normal thyroid regulation, resulting in hyperthyroidism

diagnostic studies uses radiation

X-ray,
CT scan,
Nuclear medicine

World Health Organization (WHO)

Agency that promotes health and monitors and coordinates activities concerning health-related issues.

K

Potassium

TX

treatment

NPO

nothing per mouth

PRN

as needed

a.c

before meals

a.d lib

as desired

p.c

after meals

PO

by mouth

Angina

Chest pain

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

stroke

Arrhythmia

Irregular heart rhythm

Syncope

fainting

Supine

laying facing up

prone

laying facing down

Trust vs. Mistrust

infants

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

toddlers

Initiative vs. Guilt

pre-scholers

Identity vs. Role Confusion

adolescents

Generativity vs. Stagnation

middle adults

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

old people

subjective

Information gathered from what a patient communicates.

objective

Information that can be observed or measured.

The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)

depression over 2 weeks

GAD- 7

anxiety

orthostatic hypotension

A significant drop in blood pressure during positional changes, particularly when the patient is moving from lying down to sitting or from sitting to standing; also known as postural hypotension.

Elevated blood pressure

sys: 120 to 129 mm Hg

dys: Less than 80 mm Hg

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage 1

sys: 130 to 139 mm Hg

dys: 80 to 89 mm Hg

RADIAL PULSE

wrist

brachial pulse

inside upper arm (for childfren mostly)

carotid pulse

neck