Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders & Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Disorders

Characterized by a disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior.

Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder

• Characterized by clinically significant persistent or recurrent depersonalization (i.e., experiences of unreality or detachment from one's mind, self, or body) and/or derealization (i.e., experiences of reality or detachment from one's surroundings).

• Surrounding seem unreal

• Looking at the world through a fog

• Body does not belong to one

• Did not hear part of the conversation

• Finding familiar places strange unfamiliar

• Unaware of time

• Difficulty remembering acts and thoughts

• Do usually difficult things with ease/spontaneity

• Acting different/feel like two different people

• Talk out loud to oneself when alone

Depersonalization

Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions (e.g., perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time, unreal or absent self, emotional and/or physical numbing).

Derealization

Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings (e.g., individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, lifeless, or visually distorted).

Dissociative Amnesia

Inability to recall important personal information not typically lost with ordinary forgetting

Localized, selective, generalized

Dissociative amnesia may be ____ (i.e., an event or period of time), ____ (i.e., a specific aspect of an event), or ____(i.e., identity and life history).

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Characterized by: a) the presence of two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession (all simultaneously coexisting), b) recurrent episodes of amnesia.

Alters

is the shorthand term for the different identities or personalities in DID.

Briquet’s syndrome

Somatic Symptom Disorder was also called as

Soma

means body, and the problems preoccupying these people seem, initially, to be physical disorder.

Pierre Briquet

in 1859, he was a French physician who described patients coming to see him with seemingly endless lists of somatic complaints which he could find no medical basis.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

• Having an excessive or maladaptive response to physical symptoms or to associated health concerns.

• Experiencing severe pain due to some psychological factors whether there is a physical reason for the pain or not

• Psychological or behavioral factors are the main reason for the severity and impairment

• The pain is “real”- do not always feel the urgency to take action but continually feel weak and ill

Hypochondriasis

Illness Anxiety Disorder was formerly known as

Illness Anxiety Disorder

• physical symptoms are either not experienced at the present time or are very mild, but severe anxiety is focused on the possibility of having or developing a serious disease.

Conversion

The term ____ was popularized by Sigmund Freud who believed that anxiety resulted from unconscious conflicts and somehow was “converted” into physical symptoms to find expression.

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

In DSM-5, Conversion Disorder was subtitled as _____ ; functional, refers to a symptom without an organic cause.

Conversion Disorder

generally have to do with physical malfunctioning, such as paralysis, blindness, or difficulty speaking (aphonia), without any physical or organic pathology to account for the malfunction.

Malingering

• faking and exaggerating physical or psychological symptoms/ problems.

Factitious Disorder

• This falls between malingering and conversion disorders.

• The symptoms are under voluntary control, as with malingering but there is no obvious reason for voluntarily producing the symptoms except, possibly to assume the sick role and receive increased attention.

Munchausen syndrome by proxy

• When an individual deliberately makes someone else sick, the condition is called “factitious disorder imposed on another” which is also known as _____