Phonetics Exam 2- Consonants

bilabial

________: upper and lower lips

labiodental

________: lower lip and upper central incisors

dental

________: tongue apex or blade and teeth

alveolar

________: tongue apex or blade and alveolar ridge

palatal

________: blade of tongue and hard palate

velar

________: back of tongue and velum

glottal

________: vocal folds

lingual

________: tongue

stop plosives, fricatives, affricates

What is considered obstruents?

nasals, glides, liquids

What is considered sonorants?

voiced

________: vf are vibrating

voiceless

________: vf are not vibrating

cognates

________: phonemes that differ only in voicing

stop plosives

________:

• The airstream is completely obstructed

• The velopharyngeal port is closed

• intraoral pressure increases until sudden release

/p/

________: is a voiceless, bilabial, stop-plosive

/b/

________: voiced, bilabial, stop-plosive

/t/

________: voiceless, alveolar, stop-plosive

/d/

________: voiced, alveolar, stop-plosive

alveolar flap

________: is a allophone of /t/ and /d/

glottal stop

________: voiceless, glottal, stop-plosive

/k/

________: voiceless, velar, stop-plosive

/g/

________: voiced, velar, stop-plosive

yes

Are all the english nasals voiced?

nasals

________:

• airstream is completely obstructed in the oral cavity

  -bilabial, alveolar, or velar

  -obstruction is maintained as air flows out the nares

• voicing

  -all nasals are voiced

  -sound source is from the vocal folds

/m/

________: voiced, bilabial, nasal

/n/

________: voiced, alveolar, nasal

/ng/

________: voiced, velar, nasal

fricatives

________:

• The breath stream is forced through a narrow passage in the vocal tract

• articulators do not completely touch

• Places of articulation

  -labiodental, interdental,a lveolar, palatal or glottal

/f/

________: voiceless, labiodental, fricative

/v/

________:voiced, labiodental, fricative

theta

________: voiceless, interdental, fricative

eth

________: voiced, interdental, fricative

/s/

________: voiceless, alveolar, fricative

/z/

________: voiced, alveolar, fricative

esh

________: voiceless, palatal, fricative

yogh

________: voiced, palatal, fricative

/h/

________: voiceless, glottal, fricative

• breath forced through constriction in the glottis.

/t/+esh

________: voiceless, palatal, affricate

/d/+yogh

________: voiced, palatal, affricate

approximats

________:

• obstruction in the vocal tract

• constriction is less that that of obstruents

• all approximants are voiced

• The two types are glides and liquids

glides

________:

• gliding motion of the articulators, similar to a diphthong

• often referred to as semivowels

• always prevocalic

/j/

________: voiced, palatal, glide

/w/

________: voiced, labiovelar, glide

turned r

________: voiced, palatal, liquid