Cell strucutures

Cell Membrane

Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell.

Lysosome

Sac filled with digestive chemicals. (Break down lipids proteins, and carbs into small molecules that can be used by the cell).

Vacuole

Sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products.

Ribosome

Small structure that synthesizes proteins. Produces proteins from the instructions of the DNA.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance within the cell membrane.

Mitochondrion/a

Structures that convert nutrients to energy. Have their own DNA.

Cytoskeleton

Tubules and filaments that give the cell its shape. (Helps transport materials within the cell.)

Centriole (Animal cell only)

Structure that organizes the motion of chromosomes.

Nuclear membrane

Membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.

Nucleolus

Structure that manufactures ribosomes.

Nucleus

Structure that contains DNA and regulates genes. Control center of the cell (contains the coded instructions and create biological molecules).

Endoplasmic reticulum

Passageways where chemicals are made. (Rough makes proteins from the ribosomes on its surface)(Smooth Produces lipids and is involved in the detoxification of drugs and the synthesis of carbs).

Golgi Apparatus

Stack of membranes that packages chemicals.

Vesicle

Package created by the Golgi apparatus.

Chloroplast (plant cell only)

Converts sunlight into chemical energy.

Plastid (Plant cell only)

Store food or pigments.

Capsule (Bacterial cells only)

Outermost layer of the cell that provides protection.

Nucleoid (Bacteria only)

Region inside the cell that attaches the cell to a surface and can transfer genetic material but is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

Plasmid (Bacteria only)

Circular piece of genetic material.

Flagellum (Bacteria only)

Hair -like structure that the cell uses for movement.

Pilus (Bacteria only)

Hair-like structure that attaches the cell to a surface and can transfer genetic material from one cell to another.

Cell wall (Plant cell only)

The outermost layer of a plant cell acts as a shield for the plant to carry out its needs. Supports, shapes, and protects the cell.