ATRN 313

sandy soil

Light, warm, and dry sand tends to be acidic and deficient in nutrients. Due to their high sand content and low clay, sandy soils are called "light soils."

clay soil

A heavy soil type that benefits from high nutrients is clay soil. Clay soils stay chilly and wet in the winter and become dry in the summer.

silt soil

Has a high fertility rating and is a light, moisture-retentive Well-drained and retain moisture because they medium-sized particles. comprise

chalk soil

Due to its calcium carbonate (lime) composition, chalk soil can be either light or heavy but is almost always quite alkaline.

peat soil

Has a high level of organic matter and holds a lot of moisture.

loam soil

Sand, silt, and clay are combined to create loam soil to counteract the drawbacks of each type.

identification

Criteria is developed that will be used to evaluate different sites and determine if a site can function as an airport and meets the needs of the community and users.

screening

Once sites are identified, a _____ process can be applied to each site. An evaluation of all potential sites that meet the initial criteria should be conducted, screening out those with the most obvious shortcomings.

selection


The final step is selecting and recommending preferred site.

Regional Plan


The site selected should fit well into the regional plan thereby forming it an integral part of the national network airport.

Airport Use


The selection of site depends upon the use of an airport. Whether civilian or military operations.

Proximity to Other Airports


The site should be sufficiently distant from existing airports to prevent interference between aircraft operations, with separation based on air traffic volume.

Ground Accessibility


The site should offer easy access for users, as door-to-door travel time, especially for short haul flights is a key concern for passengers.

Topography


Natural features like contours, trees, and streams must be considered; elevated sites such as hilltops are ideal for airports.

Obstructions


To ensure safe altitude changes during takeoff and landing, long, clear approach areas must be maintained on both sides of the runway.

Visibility


The site should avoid areas prone to fog, smoke, or haze, as poor visibility reduces airport traffic capacity.

Wind


Runways should be aligned to allow takeoff and landing into the wind, based on at least 5 years of wind data using a wind rose.

Noise Nuisance


The site should ensure aircraft paths avoid developed areas, as noise impact varies with aircraft type, engine, and weight especially with jet engines.

Grading, Drainage, and Soil


These factors affect airport construction and maintenance. The site’s natural slope shapes the drainage layout, so areas with high water tables or costly drainage needs should be avoided.

Future Development

The site should allow space for additional runways to accommodate future growth in air traffic.

Availability of Utilities


The site should have easy access to essential utilities like water, electricity, and communication services from the nearby town.

Economic Consideration


Factors like business potential, occupancy rates, lease terms, and property costs should influence site selection.

Towered Airport

has an operating control tower or the ATC. The ATC is responsible for the safe and orderly flow of air traffic.

Non-Towered Airport


doesn’t have an operating control tower.

Civil Airports


airports that are open to the public.

Military/Government airport


used by the military and other agencies of the government.

Private airports

airports that are restricted for private use only and not open to the public.

Commercial Service Airports


These are publicly owned airports that have

at least 2,500 passenger boardings each calendar year and receive scheduled passenger service.

Primary Commercial Service Airports


These are Commercial Service Airports that

have more than 10,000 passenger boardings

each year.

Non – Primary Commercial Service Airports


These are Commercial Service Airports that

have at least 2,500 and no more than 10,000 passenger boardings each year.

Cargo Service Airports


These are airports that, in addition to any other

air transportation services that may be

available, are served by aircraft providing air transportation of only cargo with a total annual landed weight of more than 100 million pounds.

Reliever Airports


These are airports designated by the FAA

to relieve congestion at Commercial Service

Airports and to provide improved general

aviation access to the overall community.

general aviation airport


These are public-use airports that do not have scheduled service or have less than 2,500 annual passenger boardings.