Maintaining water and nitrogen balance in the body

What is one way water leaves the body?

Via the lungs during exhalation

What is one way water, ions and urea are lost?

from the skin in sweat

Is there any control over water, ion and urea loss via the skin and lungs?

No

How is excess water, ions and urea removed from the body?

Via the kidneys in urine

What happens to body cells if they lose or gain too much water by osmosis?

They don’t function efficiently

What does there digestion of proteins from the diet result in?

excess amino acids which need to be excreted safely

What happens to excess amino acids in the liver?

They are deaminated to form ammonia

What is ammonia immediately converted to and why?

Ammonia is immediately converted to urea for safe excretion because it’s toxic

How do the kidneys produce urine?

by filtration of the blood and selective reabsorption of useful substances such as glucose, some ions and water

How does the kidney maintain a water balance in the body?

Blood is transported to the kidney, the blood is then filtered at a high pressure and the kidney selectively reabsorbs any useful materials such as glucose, some salt ions and water. The blood then returns to the circulatory system and the kidneys produce urine.

What is the effect of ADH on the permeability of the kidney tubules?

Less ADH = the tubules are less permeable to water so less water is reabsorbed and larger volume of urine produced

How do ADH and water effect the kidneys?

The water level in the body is controlled by ADH which acts on kidney tubules, ADH is released when he blood is too concentrated and it causes more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood. This is controlled by negative feedback.

What are 2 treatments for kidney failure?

organ transplant or kidney dialysis