Opposition to the Tsar

Marxism

• explained inequalities in the Russian society and how to change it

• described a classless utopia

• preached that all problems emerged from capitalism

• believed bourgeoise suppressed proletariats

Communist Manifesto

• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

• call to revolution to workers of the world

Marxism-Leninism

• communism

• radical-left wing

• argued that the bolvesheiks needed to operate like the military

• planned industrialisation + economy

• Lenin and Stalin

Bolsheviks (“majority”)

• believed that life had to be dedicated to the revolution

• marxist radical

• overthrow established authority immediately

• democratic centralism

• popular amongst proletariats and soldiers

• refused to share power

Mensheviks (“minority”)

• seeked widespread popular support

• marxist radical

• more democratic structure and open membership criteria that bolsheviks

• more democratic policies

• believed capitalist movements had to come first before socialist-proletariat ones

socialist revolutionaires

• radical socialist

• empowerment to peasantry

• support terrorism —> murdered tsarists

• trade union rights

• by 1917, most popular Russian political party

octobrists

• constitutional monarchy

• conservative monarchists

• support base of gentry and nobles

• deputies in four dumas

• in response to october manifesto