Bio INTRO TO DNA FUNCTION/ROLES
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9 Terms
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DNA
* **Deoxyribonucleic acid is a coiled double helix carrying hereditary information of the cell**
* **DNA is a polymer – made from small repeating monomer units.**
* **The monomer of DNA is called a Nucleotide**
1. **Sugar - Deoxyribose**
2. **Phosphate Group**
3. **Nitrogen Base**
* **DNA is a polymer – made from small repeating monomer units.**
* **The monomer of DNA is called a Nucleotide**
1. **Sugar - Deoxyribose**
2. **Phosphate Group**
3. **Nitrogen Base**
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Role
* **Storing Information**
* **Copying Information**
* **Transmitting Information**
* **Copying Information**
* **Transmitting Information**
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Gene
Instructions to build a protein
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DNA must be copied why
So cells can grow, repair, and reproduce
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Mistakes and Mutated copies of genes lead to
greater diversity and drives evolution
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Nucleotide
* **The bonding of these three parts is accomplished by dehydration synthesis (water removal).**
* **The bonds formed are strong covalent bonds keeping the nucleotide intact.**
* **The bonds formed are strong covalent bonds keeping the nucleotide intact.**
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Nitrogen Bases
Adenine and Guanine
* **Called** __**Purines**__
* **Notice: Double Ringed Structures**
\
Cytosine and Thymine
* **Called** __**Pyrimidines**__
* **Notice: Single Ringed Structures**
\
**Adenine always pairs with Thymine**
**Cytosine always pairs with Guanine**
**This is known as** __**Complementary**__ **Base Pairing**
* **Called** __**Purines**__
* **Notice: Double Ringed Structures**
\
Cytosine and Thymine
* **Called** __**Pyrimidines**__
* **Notice: Single Ringed Structures**
\
**Adenine always pairs with Thymine**
**Cytosine always pairs with Guanine**
**This is known as** __**Complementary**__ **Base Pairing**
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**DNA is**
**antiparallel. Its two strands run in opposite directions.**
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**Hydrogen Bonding**
* **The nitrogen bases are linked by very weak hydrogen bonds:**
* **A double hydrogen exists between adenine and thymine**
* **A triple hydrogen bond exists between guanine and cytosine**
* **Bonds are very weak here because during DNA replication, they must be broken. It requires less energy from the cell to break these bonds.**
* **A double hydrogen exists between adenine and thymine**
* **A triple hydrogen bond exists between guanine and cytosine**
* **Bonds are very weak here because during DNA replication, they must be broken. It requires less energy from the cell to break these bonds.**