VOCAB QUIZ SCIENCE

DNA

A molecule that carries genetic information to determine traits.

Protein Synthesis

The process of cells which cells make DNA, two main sections, translation and transcription.

Transcription

The process in which a gene's DNA sequence is copied to make an RNA molecule

Translation

The process whereby mRNA is converted into proteins by ribosomes.

mRNA

a strand of RNA that encodes information to make a protein.

Sugar Phosphate

A sugar phosphate is a molecule made of a sugar and a phosphate group that forms the backbone of DNA and RNA.

Nitrogen Base

A component of DNA that forms the “rungs” in the DNA structure.

Genetic Mutation

A genetic mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can alter traits and may occur naturally or due to environmental factors.

tRNA

A strand of RNA that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a protein molecule during translation.

Amino Acid

An organic molecule containing a carboxyl and an amino group.