OBGYN EOR Review: Rosh

what is the most common side effect of cervical cap/diaphragm?

UTI

what test can be used to definitively diagnose syphilis?

darkfield microscopy

what increases the risk of recurrent mastitis?

tobacco use

Ehler Danlos increases risk for:

cystocele, recurrent miscarriage

at what gestational age do you start to feel fetal movement?

18-20 weeks

colostrum has high levels of what kind of nutrient?

protein

if a newborn baby has ascites and peripheral edema, what is the most likely cause?

Rh incompatibility

if a patient presents with endometritis s/p c section, how should they be treated?

clinda and gentamicin

what is the most common cause of infertility?

anovulation

what should you do for a patient who presents with pre-eclampsia?

close monitoring (unless >160/<100, then intervention is warranted)

"ground glass" cyst is a characteristic finding of what diagnosis?

endometriosis

pruritic bumps in the genital area that are not painful is a characteristic description of what diagnosis?

condyloma acuminata

what is the treatment for nausea without vomiting during pregnancy?

pyridoxine

asthma puts a pregnant patient at risk for what?

preterm labor

which hormone causes uterine ripening?

progesterone

what abx are used to treat chorioamnionitis?

ampicillin and gentamicin

what is the most concerning side effect associated with sue of the ethinyl estradiol + norelgestromin patch?

increased risk of clots

if somebody presents with ovarian cyst rupture, what is the next step?

discharge with pain control

what is the best way to definitively diagnose ovarian torsion?

directly visualize in OR

which is a more common finding in endometriosis: adnexal mass or tender vaginal mass

adnexal mass (ovary is m/c site of endometrioma)

what do you do if a patient presents with PROM at 37 wk gestation?

give oxytocin

if a patient presents with T. vaginalis and is then treated with metronidazole, what patient counseling do you need to give regarding this medication?

they cannot drink ANY alcohol whatsoever

what is the most significant risk factor for breast cancer?

age

what is the most common risk factor for PPROM?

G. vaginalis (BV) infection

how do you treat gestational trophoblastic disease?

single agent chemo

PCOS increases risk for what type of cancer?

endometrial

if an Rh- mother has an Rh+ fetus, what testing is needed?

doppler velocimetry of fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA)

what is the #1 choice of tocolytic?

nifedipine (2nd choice: terbutaline)

tenderness in the posterior fornix on vaginal exam is associated with what diagnosis?

endometriosis

what is the preferred type of episiotomy?

mediolateral

what do you do for a patient diagnosed with CIN2?

repeat PAP and colposcopy in six months

what abx do you use to treat a pregnant patient with gonorrhea and chlamydia?

ceftriaxone + azithromycin

what is the initial treatment for mastitis?

ibuprofen (without abx)

what are the diagnostic criteria for chorioamnionitis?

maternal fever >102F, WBC >15k, FHR >160, purulent amniotic fluid

what is the initial treatment for syphilic?

PCN

what is the treatment regimen for cervicitis?

acyclovir 400mg THREE times daily

what test can be used to assess risk for preterm labor?

fetal fibronectin test

which birth control is contra-indicated during the postpartum period?

OCPs

what electrolyte abnormality is associated with hyperemesis gravidarum?

hypokalemia

what is the treatment for bloating/peripheral edema associated with PMS?

spironolactone

what is considered a positive result for a glucose tolerance test?

blood glucose of 165 after two hours

a patient presents with white/gray discharge, epithelial cells with stippled borders on wet mount - what is the diagnosis?

bacterial vaginosis

what causes dymenorrhea

excess prostaglandin production

what test can be used to confirm a suspected case of PID?

NAAT

during which phase of the menstrual cycle does PMS occur?

end of luteal phase

what is the greatest risk factor for cervical cancer?

HPV

at how many weeks gestation does ectopic pregnancy typically present?

6-8 weeks

how long after NSVD does a patient have to wait until they can have sex?

at leas two weeks

combined postmenopausal hormone therapy increases risk of what cancer?

breast cancer

after treating a pregnant patient for chlamydia, what follow up testing is needed?

test of cure 3-4 weeks after end of treatment

what is the daily calcium supplement requirement for pregnant women?

1000 mg

what type of twin pregnancy has a T sign on ultrasound?

monochorionic diamniotic

what is the initial testing for infertility with no other symptoms?

hysteroscopy and sperm analysis

what is the recommended treatment for adenomyosis?

hormonal IUD

what is the earliest gestational age that gestational trophoblastic disease can be diagnosed?

8 weeks

what is the biggest risk factor for post-partum endometritis?

c-section

how do you assess the therapeutic level for pre-eclampsia treatment?

patellar reflex

what is the most common complication of placental abruption?

DIC

the breast cancer treatment trastuzumab has a black box warning for what?

uterine cancer

what is the most common symptom of fibroids?

menorrhagia

unopposed estrogen (estrogen therapy without progesterone) is not recommended for postmenopausal women due to risk of:

endometrial cancer

what is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea?

gonadal dysgenesis

the smallest dose IUD (13.5mg) is best for what patients?

nulliparous

the smallest dose IUD (52 mg) is best for which patients?

patients with heavy menses (& works for 5 yrs)

what is the first line treatment for vaginal dryness caused by menopause?

vaginal moisturizers and lube

what is the most common symptom of yeast infection?

vulvar pruritis

while trying to get pregnant and during pregnancy, how much folic acid is recommended daily?

4mg

which vitamin excess can be teratogenic and cause fetal malformations?

vitamin A

what is the best treatment for UTI in pregnancy?

fosfomycin

what is the treatment for urge incontinence?

oxybutinin

what lifestyle modifications can help with fibrocystic breast changes?

decreased dietary fat and caffeine intake

what causes increased alpha fetoprotein level?

neural tube defects

at what age does a patient who has not got their period yet require evaluation for primary amenorrhea?

15 y/o

what is the most common adverse effect of an episiotomy?

dyspareunia

what is the most common symptom of menopause?

hot flashes

what is the treatment for fibroids?

progestin-releasing IUD

at what gestational age can the yolk sac be visualized on US?

5 weeks

what is the typical appearance of vulvar cancer?

red and white ulcers

how does S. aureus appear on microscopy?

gm + cocci in clusters

how does secondary syphilis present?

condyloma latum (genital warts), rash on palms and soles, flu-like illness

how does endometrial cancer present?

postmenopausal woman with vaginal bleeding and endometrial stripe >4mm

what labs should be included in the work up for PMDD?

TSH level

how does chlamydia typically present?

pyuria with no organisms on gram stain

what is seen on wet mount in a patient with BV?

epithelial cells with stippled borders

in a patient diagnosed with breast cancer, what is the best step after histology is completed?

lumpectomy with sentinel node biopsy

what abx are used to treat PID?

cefoxitin and doxycycline

what is the treatment used for fibrocystic breasts?

tamoxifen