Plant anatomy, growth and reproduction

What is determinate growth?

plant organs stops to grow at a certain size (ex. bush form of tomato, flowers)

What is indeterminate growth?

plants continue to grow as long as they live (ex. vine form of tomato, plant roots)

Where on a plant are apical meristems found?

tips of stems and roots

How do lateral buds respond if the apical meristem is cut off?

lateral buds would start growing and developing into new branches

What meristem is responsible for making the plant grow wider?

lateral meristems

What is tropism?

A plant's response to a stimulus
(positive tropism = grow toward; negative tropism = grow away)

What is phototropism?

The growth of a plant in response to light

What is gravitropism?

a plant's response to gravity

What is thigmatropism?

a plant's response to touch

What is photoperiodism?

A plant's response to seasonal changes in length of night and day. They use phytochrome which senses red light to know if it's day or night.

Where is pollen produced?

anther

How do the sperm cells (in the pollen) make it into the ovule?

When the pollen moved to a different flower, it lands on stigma and pollen tube grows down style. The sperm cells then gets released and fertilizes the ovule.

What part of a fruit is the ovule?

the seed

What part of the fruit do we eat?

the ovary

How do plants reproduce asexually?

vegetative propagation

What structures can plants use to clone themselves?

stems and/or roots

What is auxin used for?

1. Apical dominance
2. Apical bud produces
3. Lateral buds inhibited
4. Stimulate root formation
5. Phototropism

What is cytokinin used for?

Promotes cell division

What are gibberellins used for?

1. Promote stem elongation between nodes
2. Breaks seed dormancy, increase fruit growth

What is abscisic acid used for?

1. Stress hormone
2. aids in stomata closure
3. maintains seed/bud dormancy

What is ethylene (gas) used for?

Causes fruit to ripen and fall leaves to drop

What are the three plant structures?

1. Dermal Tissue System (skin)
2. Vascular Tissue System (move liquids)
3. Ground Tissue System (storage, photosynthesis, transport)

What is xylem?

vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

What is phloem?

the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

What is phytochrome?

a chemical photo-receptor in plants that is used to detect light (red-light)