Unit 2 Post-Classial Asia (Mongols)

1079 - Manzikert,

Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantines, can enter Anatolia at will. Peasants see them as liberators not conquerers

Bubonic Plague

Began in China, spread to Europe, killed many, causing a labor shortage.

Capture of Constantinople

1453 Mehmed II Captures Constantinople, sacks, renames Istanbul

Chingis Khans

rise to power Late 12th - (Temujin) allies with powerful Clan leader, mastered steppe diplomacy, forged alliances, conquered enemies, turning on allies. Universal ruler 1206

Khanates

Military Organization of Turkish peoples

Khans

ruled through leaders of individual tribes

Kharakoram

Mongol capital

Khubilai Khan

Consolidated Mongol rule in China (Yuan Dynasty)

Mahmud of Ghazni

From Afghanistan, raided northern India, Challenged by Hindu princes in South, Turkish and Mongol invaders in south. He hates Hinduism and Buddhism - raids shrines temples monasteries

Nomadic society

Nobles - charismatic leaders, organized clans and tribes, only powerful during war, could be inherited but also lost and gained,

Nomads

agricultural products and manufactured items, Some long distance - mobile and familiar, Turkish people especially prominent

Osman

conquered state in northwestern Anatolia in 13th an 14th centuries, continues to take land from Byzantine.

Religion among Turkish people

Earliest - Shamans. Possesed powers, communicated with divine, By sixth century some had converted to Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam

Seljuk Turks

10th ce. large scale conversion - migrated to Iran to improve life

Sufis

bring Islam to central Asia

Tamerlanes

Part Mongol, was lame, conquered Southwest Asia and Anatolia

The Golden Horde

Khubilai's cousins and brothers overrun Russia 1237-1241

The Ilkhanate of Persia

Hulegu - led this khanate by overthrowing the Abbasids

The Mongols worked to secure trade routes and merchant safety here

Silk Road