Biochemistry Laboratory Procedures, Cell Parts, Venipuncture, and Blood Typing Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering common laboratory tools, equipment, GHS symbols, cellular terms, venipuncture equipment and anatomy, and blood/Rh typing concepts based on the Easter College Biochemistry answer key.

Scoopula or Spatula

The specified laboratory tool used for removing solid reagents from stock containers to prevent contamination.

Graduated Cylinder

Standard laboratory equipment used to measure and transfer specific liquid volumes with high precision.

Water Bath

Equipment required for heating flammable liquids safely to eliminate open flame flash-fire risks.

AAA Rule

Laboratory safety rule stating to Always Add Acid to water slowly down the side of the container while stirring to prevent hazardous splashing from exothermic heat.

Spot Plate

A laboratory plate providing multiple independent depressions on a single flat plane, optimized for macro-to-micro qualitative color screening reactions.

Mortar and Pestle

The universal laboratory apparatus used to mechanically grind large solid crystals into fine powders.

Wire Gauze

A protective grid placed flat on an iron ring to distribute heat uniformly across a glass surface and prevent thermal shock fractures.

Clay Triangle

A support structure featuring heat-resistant porcelain pipes designed to support high-temperature crucibles directly over a burner flame.

GHS Exclamation Mark Symbol

A hazard pictogram under GHS classification standards denoting lower-tier acute localized threats or low-level hazards.

GHS Skull and Crossbones Symbol

A hazard pictogram signifying severe toxicity, where exposure to a single dose can cause lethal or extreme adverse system failure.

Venipuncture

The process of obtaining intravenous access for sampling or therapy.

Plunger

The piston pulled or pushed to draw up or expel liquid within a syringe.

Flange

The flat end of the syringe plunger used to push down with the thumb.

Barrel

The clear cylindrical body of a syringe containing a calibration scale.

Luer Lock

A secure screw-type connection that locks a needle to a syringe tip.

Hub

The adapter base holding the needle and connecting it directly to the syringe.

Shaft

The long hollow steel needle body fixed permanently into the adapter base.

Bevel

The slanted, sharp-edged cut at the very tip of a needle.

Lumen

The hollow space inside the needle shaft through which fluid flows.

Gauge

A needle measurement value where an increase in numerical size denotes a thinner needle width.

Tourniquet

An elastic band used to distend veins that must not be left applied for more than $1\,\text{minute}$.

Median Cubital Vein

The premier, most preferred vein site for routine blood draws.

Cephalic Vein

A vein located on the outer edge of the arm that has a high tendency to roll.

Basilic Vein

A vein that should be avoided during venipuncture due to its close proximity to the brachial artery and nerve.

Arteries

Elastic, pulsating blood vessels characterized by thick, rough structural walls.

Karl Landsteiner

The scientist who discovered the ABO blood group system in $1901$, helping to prevent fatal mismatched blood transfusions.

Decastrello and Sturli

The scientists who identified the rare, fourth foundational blood group (AB) in $1902$.

Plasma

The liquid portion of blood constituting roughly $60\%$ of total blood volume.

Hematocrit

The compressed volume percentage of a whole blood sample consisting entirely of erythrocytes, typically around $45\%$.

Erythrocytes

Mature red blood cells that lose their nucleus, mitochondria, and internal organelles to maximize space for hemoglobin, circulating functionally for approximately $120\,\text{days}$.

Thrombocytes

Platelets that manage clotting cascades, aggregating at injury sites to transform soluble fibrinogen into a rigid, sticky fibrin structural network.

Leukocytes

White blood cells—comprising neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils—that manage immune defense and clear pathogens and debris via phagocytosis.

Agglutination

An antigen-antibody binding response that results in cells chaining together into macroscopic clumps.

Anti-A Testing Serum

A monoclonal antibody testing reagent dyed bright blue.

Anti-B Testing Serum

A monoclonal antibody testing reagent dyed bright yellow, placed onto the second marked well of a slide.

Anti-D Reagent

A clear typing reagent that screens for the presence of the D antigen to indicate a positive Rhesus (Rh) factor.

Rh-null Blood

Known as 'Golden Blood', an extraordinarily rare blood type worldwide that completely lacks all $61$ possible antigens in the Rhesus system.

AB Negative (AB-)

The rarest blood type in the Philippines, where around $99\%$ of the population carries Rh-positive blood antigens.

Codominant Blood Group Alleles

The $I^A$ and $I^B$ alleles in the ABO system, which are codominant with each other and dominant over the recessive $i$ allele.