body systems

Lungs

Facilitate gas exchange; oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and carbon dioxide is exhaled.

Trachea

The windpipe; provides airflow to and from the lungs.

Bronchi

Branches off the trachea and carry air to each lung.

Diaphragm

Contracts to allow inhalation and relaxes for exhalation.

Heart

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Blood Vessels

Transport blood throughout the body; includes arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Mouth

Begins digestion by chewing and mixing food with saliva.

Esophagus

Transports food from the mouth to the stomach.

Stomach

Breaks down food using acid and enzymes.

Small Intestine

Absorbs nutrients from digested food.

Large Intestine

Absorbs water and forms waste (feces).

Liver

Produces bile to aid in fat digestion and processes nutrients.

Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes and insulin.

Gallbladder

Stores and releases bile.

Brain

Controls body functions, processes sensory information, and coordinates responses.

Spinal Cord

Transmits signals between the brain and body.

Nerves

Carry electrical signals to and from the brain, spinal cord, and body.

Kidneys

Filter blood to produce urine and regulate electrolytes.

Ureters

Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Bladder

Stores urine until excretion.

Urethra

Carries urine out of the body.

Pituitary Gland

Regulates other glands and releases growth and reproductive hormones.

Thyroid Gland

Controls metabolism and energy usage.

Adrenal Glands

Produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol.

Pancreas (Endocrine Function)

Produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar.

Spleen

Filters blood and helps fight infection.

Thymus

Matures T-cells (a type of white blood cell).

Lymph Nodes

Filter lymph fluid and house immune cells.

Bones

Provide structure, protect organs, and store minerals.

Muscles

Enable movement by contracting and relaxing.

Joints

Allow flexibility and motion in the skeleton.

Skin

Protects against infection, regulates temperature, and prevents water loss.

Hair

Provides insulation and protection.

Nails

Protect fingertips and enhance grip.

Ovaries

Produce eggs and hormones (estrogen and progesterone).

Testes

Produce sperm and testosterone.

Uterus

Supports fetal development.

Penis/Vagina

Facilitate reproduction.