Key Concepts in Sociology and Deviance

What is an example of informal social control?

Judy's mother gave her an angry gesture after she burped in public.

What does Charles taking two pieces of candy instead of one illustrate?

Deviance.

Who founded the theory of dramaturgy?

Erving Goffman.

What does idealization refer to in daily impression management?

When we perform, we try to show our best selves to others.

Which of the following is not an element of bureaucracy in Weber's theory?

High incomes for people who rule.

What are rituals that mark symbolic transitions from one social position to another called?

Rites of passage.

Which sociological perspective argues that deviance is a necessary part of a functioning society?

Functionalism.

What are murders and manslaughter classified as?

Homicide offenses.

What is a primary challenge in accurately measuring crime rates through police reports?

The underreporting of crimes by law enforcement agencies.

What does rationalization refer to in societal shifts?

The shift from traditional life values and emotional connections to modern logical and efficient decision-making.

What did the Harry Harlow study with rhesus monkeys support?

The importance of socialization.

What is role conflict?

When the multiple roles that you play come into conflict.

What does social structure refer to?

The things in our life that we cannot control, such as societal influences.

What is role strain?

When a single role that you play stresses you out to the point that it makes it difficult to perform.

What are two major characteristics of a group?

They must interact and share a collective identity.

What theory explains that a social construction becomes real when it has real consequences?

The Thomas theorem.

What kind of status is one that you are born into or take on involuntarily?

Ascribed status.

Which sociological perspective explains the disparity in legal punishment between classes?

Conflict theory.

In the dramaturgical approach, what is the public self referred to as?

The front stage.

What has a detrimental effect on social development?

Total isolation.

What motivates most hate crimes?

Race.

What are larceny, burglary, and motor vehicle theft classified as?

Property crimes.

What kind of status changes after graduation?

Achieved status.

What kind of status is one that you work towards?

Achieved status.

What is the process of discarding old behaviors and learning new ones called?

Resocialization.

Which agent of socialization is considered the most important?

Family.

In total institutions, how are rules and scheduled activities established?

Without consent from participants.

Who coined the term 'looking glass self'?

Charles Horton Cooley.

What is our public self called according to microsociologists?

The front stage self.

What is the difference between robbery and burglary?

Robbery involves taking property by force.

Which of the following is not a total institution?

After school programs.

According to Robert Merton's strain theory, what response involves accepting cultural goals but using illegitimate means?

Innovation.

How do sociologists view socialization?

From a life course approach.

What is an example of a victimless crime?

Gambling.

According to George Herbert Mead, how does the self develop?

Through social interaction.

What did Weber say about life with bureaucracies?

It could trap people in an iron cage.

How is a hate crime distinguished from other crimes?

By the offender's motivation based on prejudice.

What do conflict theorists argue about mass incarceration of minorities?

It is a result of social and economic inequalities within the system.

What category of crime does a criminal organization involved in drug trafficking, money laundering, and extortion exemplify?

Organized crime.

Why might victimization surveys provide a more complete picture of crime than police reports?

They include crimes that go unreported to the police.