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Question-and-answer flashcards covering cohesion, surface tension, capillary action, high heat of vaporization, evaporative cooling, ice density, and solvent properties of water as described in the notes.
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What property causes water molecules to stick together and leads to surface tension and the ability to travel upwards in plants?
Cohesion due to hydrogen bonding; creates surface tension and allows water to travel upwards in plants.
What is the energy requirement to break hydrogen bonds and convert liquid water to vapor?
High heat of vaporization; lots of energy required to break hydrogen bonds.
How does the high heat of vaporization affect water's temperature range and cooling?
Keeps water liquid over a wide temperature range (0–100°C) and enables evaporative cooling, stabilizing temperature.
What is evaporative cooling?
The cooling effect that occurs when water evaporates, helping to stabilize temperature.
What happens to water's density when it freezes, and what is the consequence for lakes and ponds?
Ice is less dense than liquid water and floats, insulating lakes and ponds.
Why is water an excellent solvent?
Because of its polarity; it dissolves polar and ionic substances.
In a solution, what is the solute?
The substance that is dissolved.
In a solution, what is the solvent?
The substance doing the dissolving; in these notes, water.
What is a solution?
A mixture of solute and solvent.