Kinesiology Ch 4. Arthrokinematics (slides)

Gross physiological movements of joints (Flexion, extension, abduction)

Osteokinematics

End Feels:

Hard, abrupt limit (terminal elbow extension)

Bony end feel

End Feel:

Soft tissue stretch. Firm sensation with slight give (passive ankle DF, shoulder internal and external rotation)

Firm end feel

End Feel:

Soft tissue approximation (elbow flexion when arm and forearm meet)

Soft end feel

End Feel:

Sudden hard stop felt often due to pathological bony block such as an osteophyte (bone spur) blocking motion

Abnormal Bony end feel

End Feel:

Sponge like. Acute conditions where excessive edema is present (sprained ankle)

Boggy end feel

Reflexive muscle guarding. A protective response during acute injury. Palpation with reveal this

Muscle Spasm

End Feel:

Must stop motion in mid-range ROM. Unable to get an end feel. Usually due to pain experienced by patient

Empty end feel

End Feel:

A rebound movement felt at the end of ROM, usually due to internal derangement in a joint (eg: torn cartilage)

Springy block

What is taking place within the joint at the joint surfaces (eg: roll, spin, glide, etc)

Arthrokinematics

Accessory or accompanying movements necessary for a motion to take place, but are not necessarily under voluntary control (eg: upward rotation of scapula with shoulder flexion; the femur rotating on tibia in last few degrees of knee extension)

Component movements

Passive movements that occur within a joint which occur when passively applying an external force

Joint play

A passive oscillatory motion, or a sustained stretch, applied at various speeds by an external force

Joint mobilization

Passive movement/thrust applied in short range at a high velocity and with increased force

Manipulation

Joint in which 2 bones are in a convex-concave relationship (one joint surface in convex and the other is concave)

Ovoid Joint

Joint that is saddle-shaped (each joint surface is BOTH concave and convex)

Sellar Joint

Movement of one joint surface on another where new points on each surface come in contact throughout the motion (bowling ball)

Roll

Rotation of the moveable joint surface on a fixed point on the adjacent joint surface (top)

Spin

Linear movement of one joint surface parallel to the plane of the adjoining joint surface (ice skater)

Glide

If moving a _____ surface on a _____ surface, the arthrokinematic motion will be in the OPPOSITE direction of the osteokinematic (gross physiologic) movement

Convex, Concave

*known as the concave-convex rule

What about if the arthrokinematic motion is moving in the SAME direction as the osteokinematic movement?

The concave surface is moving on a convex surface

*also known as the concave-convex rule

Joint surfaces that have maximum contact with one another. They are tightly compressed and difficult to distract. Ligaments and capsule are taut.

Usually occurs at the end of ROM at a given joint (terminal knee extension)

Congruency

*aka Closed-packed position

Aka "loose-packed or resting position". The capsule and supporting ligaments are more lax and there is minimal congruency between the articular surfaces of the joint.

Open-packed position

Aka Distraction, when an external force is applied to a joint, pulling the two surfaces apart (eg: 2nd digit's proximal phalanx on fixed MCP)

Traction

Aka Compression, when an external force is applied to a joint causing the joint surfaces to be pushed closer together

Approximation

A gliding motion that occurs PARALLEL to the joint surfaces

Shear Forces

A force causing COMPRESSION on one side of the joint surface and traction/distraction on the other side

Bending

A force that causes a twisting motion at the joint surfaces

Torsion Force