Milady Skin Disorders and Diseases

dermatologist

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.

lesion

A mark on the skin; may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs. Can be as simple as a freckle or as dangerous as a skin cancer.

Primary Leison

lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin and/or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin.

Bulla

Large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle. Requires medical referral.

Cyst/Tubercle

Closed, abnormally developed sac that contains pus, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin. Requires medical referral.

Tubercle

cannot be drained of fluid

Macule

flat, colored spot on the skin

Cyst

can be drained of fluid

Nodule

a solid bump larger than .4 inches that can be easily felt. requires medical referral

papule

Small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus

pustle

Raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the "head" of the pimple.

tumor

Abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color

vesicle

poison ivy and poison oak

wheal

an itchy, swollen lesion that can be caused by a blow, scratch, bite of an insect, or urticaria (skin allergy), or the sting of a nettle. Typically resolved on its own.

secondary skin lesions

Characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab, or depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer.

crust

dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while healing

excoriation

Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping

fissure

A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Examples are severely cracked and/or chapped hands or lips.

keloid

Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue

scale

thin, dry, or oily plate of epidermal flakes.

Scar or Cicatrix

an example of a secondary lesion

ulcer

open lesion on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; accompanied by loss of skin depth and possibly weeping of fluids or pus.

open comedo

blackhead; hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum

the face, especially in the T zone

where do comedones appear most frequently

closed comedo

Whitehead; appears as a small bump under the skin surface. not exposed to the environment

milia

Benign, keratin-filled cysts that can appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening. they resemble sesame seeds and are almost always perfectly round. they are commonly associated with newborn babies, but can appear on the skin of people of all ages. they are usually found around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead, and they appear as small, firm whitish masses.

acne

acne vulgaris, is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria known as propionibacterium acnes

sebaceous cyst

Large protruding pocket like lesion filled with sebum

seborrheic dermatitis

Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness.

rosacea

Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose, and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules.

heat, sun, cold weather, ingestion of spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, and steess

What aggregates rosacea?

It's unknown

What is the cause of rosacea?

anhidrosis

a deficiency in perspiration or the inability to sweat, often a result of damage to autonomic nerves

bromhidrosis

foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits of on the feet, that is generally caused by bacteria

hyperhidrosis

excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness. requires medical referral

Miliaria rubra

Also known as prickly heat; an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin.

conjunctivitis

also known as pink eye

dermatitis

A term broadly used to describe any inflammatory condition of the skin

herpes simplex 1

Recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or cold sore. many people have no symptoms

impetigo

contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions and usually caused by staphylococcus bacteria

psoriasis

is a skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales and is usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back. is caused by skin cells turning over faster than normal and when the condition is irritated, bleeding points can occur

hyperpigmentation

Darker than normal pigmentation, appearing as dark splotches.

albinism

Congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes. hair is silky white

leukoderma

Skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches

nevus

Also known as birthmark; small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

stain

An abnormal brown or wine colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape

vitiligo

Hereditary condition that causes hypopigmented spots and splotches on the skin that often appear milky white.

hypertrophy

an abnormal growth of the skin

keratoma

Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis. A callus is a keratoma caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet.

skin tag

A small brown-colored or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin.

verruca

Also known as wart; hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis.

basal cell carcinima

most common and least severe skin cancer; characterized by light or pearly nodules and has a 90% survival rate with early diagnosis and treatment

squamous cell carcinoma

more serious that basal cell carcinoma, characterized by scaly red papules or nodules

malignant melanoma

least common, but most dangerous form of skin cancer

border irregularity

B in ABCDE

diameter

D in ABCDE

heredity and hormones

predisposition to acne

retention hyperkeratosis

The hereditary tendency for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle

anaerobic

Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

fatty acids

The main food source for acne bacteria

noncomedogenic

Product that has been designed and proven not to clog the follicles.

intrinsic factor

skin aging factors over which we have little control

genetics, ethnicity, gravitational pull, facial expressions

examples of intrinsic factors

extrinsic factors

Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging.

85%

extrinsic factors are responsible for up to what % of skin aging?

80-85%

what percentage of the symptoms of aging skin are caused by the accumulation of damaging rays from the sun

UVA rays

(Aging rays) deep penetrating rays that can even go through a glass window

UVB rays

burning rays, cause sunburns, tanning of the skin, and the majority of skin cancers

avoid deliberate sun exposure and use a broad spectrum sunscreen which filter both UVA and UVB rays and has an SPF of at least 15 on a daily basis

the number one way to prevent mature aging

at least 30 mins before sun exposure

sunscreen should be applied when?

contact dermatitis

An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances

Allergic contact dermatitis

ACD; occurs when the person develops an allergy to an ingredient or a chemical, usually caused by repeated skin contact with the chemical

sensitization

An allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance.

Irritant contact dermatitis

ICD; occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the epidermis

use gloves or utensils when working with irritating chemicals

best way to prevent both types of occupational contact dermatitis?