MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA

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5 Terms

1
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what is malignant hyperthermia (MH)?

  • rare, inherited, life-threatening disorder

  • autosomal dominant trait

  • the triggering agent interacts with skeletal muscle cells - increased intracellular calcium levels - contraction and hypermetabolism in muscle

2
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what triggers malignant hyperthermia (MH)?

  • certain anesthetics

    • succinylcholine

  • stress

  • trauma

  • excessive heat

3
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what are clinical manifestations of malignant hyperthermia (MH)?

  • rapid and progressive rise in body temperature

    • late symptom

    • fever can exceed 107 deg

  • muscle rigidity (jaw, extremities)

  • tachycardia

  • tachypnea

  • hypercapnia

  • unstable blood pressure

  • diaphoresis

  • rhabdomyolysis - brownish/redish urine

4
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what are complications of malignant hyperthermia (MH)?

  • rhabdomyolysis - hyperkalemia

  • cardiac arrhythmias

5
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what are nursing interventions for malignant hyperthermia (MH)?

  • discontinue anesthetic

  • administer dantrolene

  • respiratory/ventilator support

  • lower body temp

    • cooling blanket

    • ice packs

    • chilled IV solution

  • wear ID bracelet for at risk patients

  • genetic testing of family members