American History 1- Test 3

Revolution of 1800

the first time in history that one political party had replaced another

Chief Justice John Marshall

a firm federalist who continuously backed the power of the federal government

Marbury vs. Madison (1803)

One of Adams’ midnight judges sued the secretary of state for not allowing him to become a judge

Peaceful Coercion

having trading partners and putting pressure on them to do what you want through economic and not military means

The Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson sent James Monroe and Robert R Livingston to try and buy New Orleans from the French for $10 million; France offered to sell all of Louisiana for $15 million dollars; It was approved on October 20, 1803 and roughly doubled the size of the United State

Lewis and Clark and Sacagawea

sent to explore the northern part of LA: the Corps of Discovery was a 33 person team that traveled west to the Pacific Ocean with Sacagawea as their guide

Jefferson and the embargo

the banning of trade against Britain and France

Macon’s Bill No. 2

stated that whoever stopped violating U.S. neutrality that the U.S. would trade with that nation

Tecumseh and the Prophet

tried to unite Native American tribes to fight white settlers

War of 1812 causes

British use of impressment, War Hawks and Indian Battles, President wanting to stand up to Europe, Take over Canada and/or Florida

Oliver Hazard Perry

American naval officer who led the battle of Lake Erie

Fort McHenry

25 hour bombardment where when the sun rose, the huge flag still flew. This prompted Francis Scott Key to write “The Star Spangled Banner”

Battle of New Orleans

The British army led a frontal attack on the Americans, who held the higher ground, the results were disatrous for the British, where Andrew Jackson became a hero

Hartford Convention

Federalist party spoke out against the war of 1812 and called a meeting. They lost all power after this

Nationalism

the spirit of nation-consciousness or national oneness emerged

Rush-Bagot Agreement

signed between the United States and Britain in 1817 which limited naval power on the Great Lakes

Anglo-American convention

set the border between the U.S. and Canada at 49 degrees N latitude as far west as the Rocky Mountains

Treaty of Fort Jackson

forced the Creek Indians to give up millions of acres of their land

Henry Clay and the American System (the three things he wanted)

1. a national bank

2. a protective tariff

3. a network of roads and canals

Era of Good Feelings

a time of peace, pride, and progress

The Missouri Compromise

1. Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state

2. Maine would join the Union as a free state 

3. Slavery would be prohibited in any new territories or states formed north of the 36’30’ latitude

Adams-Onis Treaty

signed in 1819, Spain gave Florida to the U.S. as well as their claims to the Oregon country, America gave up its claim to Texas

The Monroe Doctrine

Issued a warning to European powers to not interfere with the western hemisphere, the US promised not to meddle in European affairs

The “corrupt bargain”

an accusation by Andrew Jackson that John Quincy Adams bribed Henry Clay to become president

Jacksonian Democracy

where the common man felt they had political power

Peggy Eaton Affair

caused a feud between Jackson and his vice president John C. Calhoun, President Jackson defended her, Jackson was forced to replace his cabinet just two years into presidency

Spoils System

the practice of giving government jobs to political backers or friends 

Kitchen Cabinet

an informal group of trusted advisers who sometimes met in the White House kitchen

the Tariff of Abominations

this led Vice President John C. Calhoun to write the South Carolina Exposition

The Nullification Act

declared the 1828 and 1832 tariffs “null, void… and not binding upon this state”, South Carolina threatened that if federal troops came to collect duties they would withdraw from the Union

Indian Removal Act

authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River to lands in the west

Choctaw Indians

the first Native Americans forced to move to the Indian Territory

Worcester vs. Georgia

The Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was a distinct community in which the laws of GA had no force, stated the federal government had authority over Native Americans

Trail of Tears

the Cherokee’s 800-mile forced march west, thousands of Cherokees died due to disease, hunger, and severe weather

Andrew Jackson and the Force Bill

threatened the force of army to enforce the tariff after SC passed the Nullification Act

Specie Circular

a decree that required all public lands to be purchased with hard, or metallic, money

Nicolas Biddle

who led the bank of the U.S

How the Whig party was formed

rallied around their hate for Andrew Jackson, favored the idea of a weak president and a strong Congress

Panic of 1837

what the nation experienced right after Van Buren became president, it was a severe economic depression

Battle of the Alamo

Santa Anna sent an army of 6,000 men, which trapped a group of 200 texan volunteers

Battle at Goliad

a group of 400 texans surrendered to the Mexican force, but were killed after they surrendered

Battle of San Jacinto

where Sam Houston met Santa Anna; Texans surrounded Santa Anna and forced him to sign two treaties; Santa Anna agreed to withdraw Mexican troops, Recognized Rio Grande as the Southern boundary of Texas

The Election of 1840 and William Henry Harrison

the Whigs united behind one candidate, the hero of Tippecanoe

Irish and the Potato Famine

what the Irish suffered in the 1840, many Irish died and many moved to America, Americans hated the influx of Irish which pushed them into slums and worst jobs “No Irish Need Apply”

Nativism

policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants

Industrial Revolution in America

began in England but spread to Europe and America during the mid 1800

Samuel Slater 

mechanic that left Britain to come to America, “Father of the Factory System” in America

Eli Whitney

invented the cotton gin

Samuel Morse

invented the telegraph

Cyrus McCormick

invented a mechanical reaper

John Deere

produced a steel plow that could easily cut through soil

Isaac Singer

perfected the sewing machine

Lowell Factory

became the model for women working in factories, “Factory Girls” worked six days a week and 12 hour days for very little pay, women were always supervised

Lancaster Turnpike

was created in the 1790s, 62 miles from Philadelphia to Lancaster, PA, people traveling the road had to pay a toll

Robert Fulton

invented the steamboat, called the Clermont, but the public called it “Fulton’s Folly”, changed in 1807, when the Clermont sailed upstream from New York City to Albany

Erie Canal

completed in 1825, reduced transit time and costs, helped spur development in the Old Northwest