Introduction to Windows Server 2019 - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key Windows Server 2019 concepts, deployments, editions, administration tools, and new features.

Windows Server 2019 Editions

The edition family for Windows Server 2019 includes Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Hyper-V Server 2019, and Nano Edition, each with different licensing, virtualization, and feature sets.

Windows Server 2019 Essentials

Aimed at small businesses (typically <50 devices or <25 users); lower price (~$500); includes automatic cloud integration with Azure Site Recovery (ASR) by default and limited features compared to other editions.

Windows Server 2019 Standard

Edition designed for physical servers with little to no virtualization; supports up to 64 sockets and 4 TB RAM; resembles Datacenter in core features but with different licensing and virtualization limits.

Windows Server 2019 Datacenter

Edition designed for highly virtualized environments; unlimited VM licenses; includes advanced features like Storage Spaces Direct, Storage Replica, Shielded VMs, and is the most feature-rich and expensive edition.

Hyper-V Server 2019

A free, standalone operating system for hosting Hyper-V VMs; no server licensing; no GUI; 64-bit only; minimum 4 GB RAM.

Nano Edition

Container-based OS image in Windows Server 2019 that runs as a container host inside Hyper-V; limited to about 500 MB per container and, on a Standard license, up to two containers.

Server Core

Minimal installation option without Desktop Experience; available in Standard and Datacenter; reduced footprint and attack surface; supports two installation modes: shell-only or with Desktop Experience via FoD or other tools.

Desktop Experience

The full GUI environment option for Windows Server installations; not available after choosing Server Core unless added via specific methods.

Features on Demand (FoD)

An optional package mechanism to add Desktop Experience-like features to Server Core via Windows Update, including tools like Event Viewer, MMC, File Explorer, and more.

Clean Install

A fresh Windows Server 2019 installation from installation media; steps include booting from media, selecting language/architecture, accepting the license, choosing custom install, and selecting the target volume.

In-Place Upgrade

Upgrading the Windows Server OS while preserving configured server roles, applications, and data; may upgrade from Standard to Datacenter with proper licensing; requires a minimum host OS of Windows Server 2012 R2 or newer.

Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT)

A Deployment Accelerator used to create and deploy Windows OS images and automate installations; leverages PXE, WDS, and Configuration Manager technology.

Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit (MAP)

A Deployment Accelerator that assesses an organization’s server infrastructure and generates reports to plan maintenance, upgrades, and migrations (including to Azure and VDI needs).

PXE

Preboot Execution Environment; network boot mechanism used by deployment tools like MDT/WDS to start installations over the network.

Windows Deployment Services (WDS)

A service used to deploy Windows operating systems over the network as part of OS deployment solutions.

Storage Class Memory

Storage created from flash-based non-volatile media in DIMMs, placed closer to the CPU to improve performance by reducing latency.

Deduplication for ReFS Volumes

Feature that eliminates redundant data on Resilient File System (ReFS) volumes to save storage space, particularly useful for Hyper-V storage.

Cluster Sets

Loosely coupled federated groups of multiple Failover Clusters that enable VM fluidity across clusters and provide a unified storage namespace for large scale-out clusters.

Storage Migration

Service that inventories data on Windows and Linux servers and migrates storage to Windows Server 2019 or Azure, including data, security, and configurations.

Storage Replica

Feature that enables synchronous or asynchronous replication of volumes; in Server 2019, available in Standard with limitations (native 2019 mode, single volume, up to 2 TB, WDATP/WDEG).

Shielded VMs for Linux

Security feature to protect Hyper-V Generation 2 VMs running Linux with protections like secure boot, BitLocker, and vTPMs.

Hyper-Converged Infrastructure (HCI)

Software-defined platform based on Hyper-V that allows dynamic addition/removal of host servers to a cluster to scale capacity and performance.

Server Core App Compatibility FOD

Feature-on-Demand package that improves app compatibility on Server Core by providing a subset of Desktop Experience binaries and packages when needed.

Windows Admin Center (WAC)

A modern, web-based management console that consolidates server management tools; includes Gateway and Web Server components and can manage local and remote servers.

WAC Gateway

Gateway component of Windows Admin Center that routes remote management connections (PowerShell, WMI) to target servers, typically via HTTPS/TLS.

WAC Web Server

Web server component of Windows Admin Center that serves the management UI to the browser; a lightweight alternative to full IIS.

Trusted Installation (WAC)

WAC deployment mode where management components are installed on a trusted, dedicated control plane behind security measures (not on the managed servers).

Untrusted Installation (WAC)

WAC deployment mode suitable for remote administrators; places the management tool on a dedicated control plane behind a firewall, with remote access to target servers.

Server Manager

Integrated console for Windows Server administration; can manage local and remote servers, add roles/features, create server groups, and connect to cloud services; supports remote management of up to many servers.

RSAT (Remote Server Administration Tools)

Set of tools that enables remote management of server roles and features from Windows clients; includes PowerShell, cmdlets, ISE, and other management utilities.

Access Control (RBAC, ABAC, RuleBAC)

Models used to control permissions: RBAC (role-based), ABAC (attribute-based), RuleBAC (rule-based), plus Delegated Privilege accounts to manage access.

Windows PowerShell

Command-line scripting language and shell used for automating server administration tasks and managing Windows Server components.

Server Manager Dashboard

Initial dashboard in Server Manager (since 2012) that provides quick access to role management, server groups, and system information upon startup.

Remote Management Tools

Tools like RSAT and PowerShell that enable remote administration of server roles and features from client machines.