Some Cardio and Some Respiratory

Blood Pressure

Pressure of blood on the walls of the vessels usually measured arterially

Origin of BP

Contraction of LV

Cardiogenic Shock

LV cannot contract to pump blood

BP Factors

Age, Weight, Blood Viscosity, HR, SV, and CO

Peripheral Resistance

Friction between BV wall and the blood that depends on the diameter of the arteries

Coronary Circulation

Circulation between the Heart and Heart

Coronary Circulation Goal

Giving oxygen to the Myocardium

Ascending Aorta

Part of the Aorta that is still inside of the heart and has two branches

L Coronary Artery

Provides blood to the left side of the Heart through the L Anterior Descending Artery and the L Circumflex Artery

R Coronary Artery

Provides blood to the right side of the Heart through the R Marginal Artery and the R Circumflex Artery

Coronary Sinus

Large Vein at the back of the Heart that sends blood to the RA

Arteries

Large BVs that take blood away from the Heart and have the highest BP and speed

Arterioles

Small Arteries

Capillaries

Microscopic vessels inside of all tissue that have to lowest speed to allow time for gas and nutrient exchange

Interstitial Fluid

Fluid that surrounds tissue cells and aid in gas and nutrient exchange

Veinules

Small Veins

Veins

Large BVs that take blood towards the heart that have the lowest BP of all BVs and contains 60% of the body’s blood

Tunica Intima / Endothelium / Simple Squamous Epithelium

Inner layer of the BV wall

Tunica Media

Middle layer of the BV wall that has smooth muscle for dilation and contraction and is thicker in Arteries

Tunica Extrema / Tunica Adventitia

Outer layer of the BV wall that has connective tissue that protects the BV and connects it to underlying tissue that is also thicker in Veins

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) / Stroke

Occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting the necessary oxygen and nutrients

Varicose Veins

Dilated veins usually in the legs, caused by weakened valves that lead to improper blood flow

Factors Affecting Veinous Flow

Contraction of Skeletal Muscle, Valves, Respiratory movement, and Gravity

Fetal Circulation

Collapsed lungs with one Umbilical Vein that has oxygenated blood and two Umbilical Arteries that have deoxygenated blood

Foramen Ovale

Extra Heart part in infants that connects the LA to the RA

Ductus Arteriosus

Extra Heart part in infants that connects the Pulmonary Artery to the Aorta

Ductus Venosus

Extra Heart part in infants that bypasses the liver and takes oxygenated blood from the Umbilical Vein to the Inferior Vena Cava

Infantile Jaundice

Caused by immature Liver

Filtered by Liver

Extra sugar, Extra amino acid, Toxins / Poisons, Microorganisms, and Old / Dead blood cells

Respiratory Organs

Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, and Alveoli

Upper Respiratory System

Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx

Lower Respiratory System

Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, and Alveoli

Pharynx

Throat / Tube located on the back of the Nose, Mouth, and Larynx that is lined with Respiratory Mucosa and is the only shared organ between the Digestive and Respiratory systems

Larynx

Voice box

Trachea

Wind pipe

Bronchi

Smaller airway

Alveoli

Place of gas exchange and has round shape for more surface area

Function of RS

Exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) and adjusting blood pH (7.35-7.45)

Function of Airways

Warm, Clean, and Humidify air

Respiratory Mucosa

Inner lining of the Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, and Bronchi that has short hairs (Cilia) that sends air upwards

Goblet Cells

Cells within the respiratory tract that make mucus

Palate

Structure that separates the Nose and Mouth

Uvula

Covers the back opening of the Nose to prevent food from entering

Nasal Septum

Middle part of the Nose that contains Cartilage, the Vomer Bone, and the Perpendicular Plate of the Ethmoid Bone

Nasal Epithelium

Name of the Respiratory Mucosa within the Nose

Nasal Conchae

Bony shell-like structures containing Superior, Middle, and Inferior parts that are covered by Nasal Epithelium to increase the nasal surface

Paranasal Sinuses

Air filled cavities around the Nose that make the skull lighter, improve voice quality and sound, and aid in sense of smell that consist of the Frontal, Maxillary, Ethmoid, and Sphenoid

Nasopharynx

Upper part of the Pharynx located at the back of the Nose that contains Adenoids and is connected to the middle ear by the Auditory Tube

Oropharynx

Middle part of the Pharynx located at the back of the Mouth that contains Palatine and Lingual Tonsils

Laryngopharynx / Hypopharynx

Lower part of the Pharynx located at the back of the Larynx that does not contain anything

Epiglottis

Part of the Larynx made of Cartilage that stops food from entering the Trachea

Aspiration

Inhalation of any liquid or solid that enters the Trachea