physio- HP axis

peptide hormones

what type of hormones are produced by the pituitary gland?

infundibulum

what structure connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

posterior lobe- neurohypophysis

anterior lobe- adenohypophysis

what are the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland?

they do NOT communicate directly

how do the two lobes of the pituitary gland communicate with eachother?

with neurons

how does the neurohypophysis communicate with the hypothalamus?

chemical signals

how does the adenohypophysis communicate with the hypothalamus?

epithelial tissue, endocrine cells

what cells make up the adenohypophysis?

ADH, oxytocin

which hormones are stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

synthesized in hypothalamus, where they then travel to the posterior pituitary and stored until needed to be secreted

where are ADH and oxytocin synthesized, stored, and secreted?

paraventricular nucleus

which nucleus of the hypothalamus mainly synthesizes oxytocin?

ADH

which hormone does the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus mainly synthesize?

posterior pituitary / neurohypophysis

which pituitary lobe is made of neuronal tissue?

ADH and oxytocin

which hormones are stored by the posterior pituitary / neurohypophysis?

FSH, TSH, ACTH, LH, GH, PRL, MSH etc

what hormones from the hypothalamus are stored in the anterior pituitary?

hormones that stimulate another endocrine gland

what are tropic hormones?

FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH

what are the tropic hormones stored by the anterior pituitary?

hormones that directly stimulate the target cell

what are nontropic hormones?

PRL, GH, MSH

what are the nontropic hormones stored by the anterior pituitary?

the hypothalamus synthesizes releasing/inhibiting hormones that bind to cells in the adenohypophysis: GnRH, TRH, CRH, PIH, PRH, GHRH, GHIH

how is the adenohypophysis stimulated to release/inhibit hormones?

adenohypophysis

where is the target of inhibiting and releasing hormones?

hypothalamus

where are inhibiting and releasing hormones synthesized?

ovary/testes

where does FSH act?

ovary/testes

where does LH act?

thyroid gland

where does TSH act?

adrenal cortex

where does ACTH act?

liver

where does GH act?

mammary gland

where does PRL (prolactin) act?

inhibiting/releasing hormones

oxytocin

ADH

what hormones does the hypothalamus synthesize?

kidneys

where does ADH act?

uterus, mammary gland

where does oxytocin act?

by nerve signals from the hypothalamus

how is the neurohypophysis stimulated to release ADH or oxytocin?

paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus

what are the 2 nuclei of the hypothalamus called?