Lecture 1 - Osteology & Arthrology of Thoracic Limb- Pimentel

knee

In horses, the carpus is also referred to as the _____

cannon

The [cannon/splint] bone(s) is/are larger

fetlock

The metacarpal-phalangeal joint is also known as the _____

scapular cartilage

What is the main difference between the canine scapula and equine scapula?

do not

Horses [do/do not] have an acromion

glenoid notch

In the most medial part of the glenoid cavity, horses have a structure known as the _____

larger

The coracoid process in a horse is [smaller/larger] than in a dog

facies serrata

Looking at the equine scapula medially, what structure do we have 2 of, unlike in dogs?

flat

What kind of bone is the scapula?

condyle

The distal epiphysis of the humerus is known as the _____

intermediate tubercle

What is the "extra" tubercle found on the humerus of a horse?

no

Is there a foramen associated with the radial fossa of the humerus of a horse?

in equine, they are fused

What is the major difference between the equine and canine radius and ulna?

radius

What is the only bone in the forearm/antebrachium that reaches the carpus?

lateral; medial

While dogs have radial and ulnar styloid processes, horses have _____ and _____ styloid processes

III

In horses, only digit # _____ is developed

proximal; distal

The carpal bones are divided into 2 rows: _____ and _____ carpal bones

4

The proximal row contains how many carpal bones?

3

The distal row contains how many carpal bones?

laterally

The accessory carpal bone sits [medially/laterally]

flat

The distal phalanx is _____ in shape, to form the hoof

extensor process

In the dorsal region of the distal phalanx, there is a triangular shaped structure known as the _____

parietal sulcus

The distal phalanx has lateral and medial _____

proximal phalangeal trigone

In the proximal phalanx, there is a triangular structure known as the _____

flexor tuberosity

In the middle phalanx, there is a _____

solar foramen

Inside of the distal phalanx, there is a canal located between the lateral and medial _____

distal sesamoid bone

Between the middle and distal phalanx we can find a bone known as the _____ (navicular bone)

humeral

Shoulder = _____ joint

hinge

The humeral joint is a spheroid joint that acts like a _____ joint

glenohumeral

_____ ligaments are thickened capsules and act like collateral ligaments

fibrous capsule

From the radius to the metacarpal bone, there is a _____, holding the entire carpus

synovial

There are _____ capsules for the antebrachial-carpal joint, middle carpal joint, and carpal-metacarpal joint

most

The radiocarpal and mediocarpal joints have the [most/least] range of movement

plane

The carpal-metacarpal joint is _____, meaning the bones slide (very little range of movement)

slide

Intercarpal joints are plane joints, so they _____

true

T/F - Above the proximal and distal rows of carpal joints, there is space for a needle to enter

1. metacarpophalangeal joint

2. proximal interphalangeal joint

3. distal interphalangeal joint

What are the 3 digit joints?

true

T/F - All 3 digit joints have one lateral and one medial collateral ligament

recesses

Dorsal and palmar _____ are sacs/pouches associated with the digit joints

humeral joint (shoulder)

-Simple & spheroid

-Flexion & extension movements

-Glenohumeral ligaments (capsular)

-Thick biceps brachii origin tendon & bursa

hinge

The antebrachiocarpia (radiocarpal) joint is a _____ joint

plane

The intercarpeae (intercarpal) joint is a _____ joint

hinge

The mediocarpea (midcarpal) joint is a _____ joint

plane

The carpometacarpeae (carpometacarpal) joint is a _____ joint

radiocarpal

The _____ is the joint associated with the radius and proximal carpal row

independent

The synovial capsule of the radiocarpal joint is [shared/independent]

shared

The synovial capsule of the inter and mediocarpea is [shared/independent]

colateral ligaments

We find lateral and medial _____ with the carpal joints

hinge

The metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock) is a _____ joint with a great range of movement

saddle

The proximal interphalangeal joint is a _____ joint

saddle

The distal interphalangeal joint (coffin) is a _____ joint

compound; recesses

The metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock) is a _____ hinge joint, with a small dorsal and large palmar _____

dorsal

The metacarpophalangeal joint has a small [dorsal/palmar] recess

large

The metacarpophalangeal joint has a [small/large] palmar recess

metacarpal bone III

What is the dorsal boundary of the palmar recess?

interosseus ligament

What is the palmar boundary of the palmar recess?

proximal sesamoid bones

What is the distal boundary of the palmar recess?

heads of metacarpal bones II & IV ("buttons" of splint bones)

What is the proximal boundary of the palmar recess?