Eye Conditions

A set of flashcards covering important concepts and terms related to cholesterol eye complaints and various eye conditions.

What is Arcus Senilis?

It is a lipid deposit that appears as gray colored rings or halos around the iris.

What are Xanthelasma?

Sharply demarcated yellow patches on bilateral inner canthus or eyelids due to cholesterol deposits.

What lab test should be checked for cholesterol deposits in the eye?

Lipid panel to assess for hypercholesterolemia.

What is the treatment for cholesterol eye deposits?

Potential increase in statin doses and/or lifestyle modifications.

What distinguishes Pterygium from Pinguecula?

Pterygium crosses over the cornea while Pinguecula does not.

What symptoms are associated with acute angle closure glaucoma?

Sudden, severe eye pain, firm to the touch, cloudy appearance, and high intraocular pressure.

What is used to diagnose intraocular pressure in acute angle closure glaucoma?

Tonometry.

What is a classic symptom of retinal detachment?

A curtain being pulled over the eye, often accompanied by floaters.

What are the signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis caused by allergy?

Serous stringy, rope-like drainage, and cervical chain adenopathy.

Information related to bacterial conjunctivitis includes:

Purulent drainage, unilateral presentation, and preauricular/submandibular lymphadenopathy.

What treatment is often employed for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Antibacterial eye drops.

What are the components of the uvea?

Iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

What are signs and symptoms of Iritis (anterior uveitis)?

Redness, swelling without discharge, constricted pupils, photophobia, and trouble seeing.

What is the primary treatment for Iritis?

Steroid eye drops.

What is a leading cause of blindness in adults?

Macular degeneration.

What changes in vision are associated with cataracts?

Bilateral vision changes due to myopic shift and an absent red reflex on fundoscopy.

What are common signs of presbyopia?

Gradual loss of ability to focus on nearby objects, often seen in people over 40 years old.

What type of nodule is a Horaden (stye)?

It is an acute blockage of a hair follicle leading to pain and purulent drainage.

What characterizes a chalazion?

A gradually developing tumor due to blockage of the duct/oil gland, typically painless.

What treatment is recommended for a chalazion?

Warm compresses and possibly steroids if severe.

How is a corneal abrasion diagnosed?

Using eye staining drops and Wood's lamp evaluations.

What symptoms are typical of herpes keratitis?

Tearing, redness, foreign body sensation, and photophobia.

What key finding indicates a corneal infection by herpes simplex virus?

Fern-like lines on the corneal surface.

What are the roles of cones in vision?

Responsible for color perception, sharp vision, and achieving 20/20 vision.

What are the roles of rods in vision?

Detection of light, shadows, and enabling night vision.

What does the Snellen chart measure?

Central vision acuity.

What is the normal vision rating for a completely healthy eye?

20/20 vision.

What vision score indicates legal blindness?

20/200 vision.

What is considered strabismus?

Horizontal or vertical misalignment of the eyes.

What does the cover/uncover test assess?

It assesses for strabismus in patients.

What are the findings of retinal veins in a fundoscopy exam?

They are larger and darker compared to retinal arteries.

What condition could a white pupillary reflex indicate?

Retinoblastoma or congenital cataracts.

What is papilledema?

Bilateral swollen optic discs with blurred edges, often indicating elevated intraocular pressure.

What is AV nicking?

Where arteries and veins cross causing bulging, reversible with blood pressure control.

What are cotton wool spots?

Yellow/white fluffy patches seen on the retina related to vascular insufficiency.

What is the significance of microaneurysms?

Small bulges in retinal blood vessels that often leak fluid, associated with diabetic retinopathy.

What concerns arise from neovascularization in the retina?

New, fragile arteries that can rupture and cause bleeding in the retina.