Human Reproduction

Male Gamete

Sperm

Female Gamete

Egg

Fertilisation 

When the male gamete and the female gamete join to from a genetically unique offspring

Sperm Duct

Transports sperm to the urethra 

Scrotum

Protects and holds the testes

Glands

Produces fluids that nourish and transport sperm

Penis

Delivers sperm during intercourse

Testis

Produces sperm and testosterone

Fallopian Tube

Transport eggs from ovaries to uterus

Ovary

Produces and releases eggs

Uterus

• Womb

• Where the embryo implants and foetus develops

Cervix

Entrance to uterus

Vagina

• Receives semen

• Serves as birth passageway 

• Allows blood and tissue to leave during menstruation

Stages of Baby Development

Zygote → Embryo → Foetus → Baby

Male Puberty

• Growth spurt occurs

• Shoulders widen

• Production of sperm begins

• Voice gets deeper, larynx gets bigger 

Female Puberty

• Growth spurt occurs

• Pelvis widens

• Menstrual cycle begins 

• Breasts develops 

Menstrual Cycle

Changes that occur in the female reproductive system, usually over 28 days

Menstruation

• A period

• The shedding of the lining of the uterus when pregnancy does not happen, causing blood and tissues to come out through the vagina

Ovulation

The release of an egg from the ovary through the fallopian tube

The Fertile Period

The time around ovulation where pregnancy is most likely to occur

Menstrual Cycle Timeline

1-5	Menstruation happens
6-13	Lining of uterus begins to build Eggs matures in ovary
14	Ovulation happens
14-28	Lining of uterus builds up Egg travels towards uterus

Ejaculation (Male RS)

The release of semen through the penis

Placenta

Allows nutrients and oxygen to pass from mother to the foetus. Is an organ

3 Stages of Birth

1. Amniotic sac bursts (water breaks)

2. Birth of the baby through cervix and vagina

3. Birth of placenta

Contraception

Prevention of pregnancy using artificial or natural methods

Natural Methods of Contraception

Avoiding sexual intercourse during fertile period

Mechanical Methods of Contraception

Using devices to physically prevent pregnancy e.g. condom & diaphragm

Chemical Methods of Contraception

Putting stuff inside the body e.g. the pill and the bar

IVF

• In Vitro Fertilisation

• A medical procedure where an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the body, typically in a lab dish, before being implanted into a women’s uterus to imitate pregnancy