Required Cases

Brown V. Board

-14th Amendment and Equal Protection Clause

-Racial Discrimination In Public Education

-It was legal since black and whites had “equal“ access to the same things

-Segregation Based off race ends

Engel V. Vitale (Think Angel)

-First Amendment: Freedom of Religion

Establishment Clause

-Schools in NY held a morning prayer time(not constricted to one religion) Voluntary

-State cant use the school system to hold prayer even though its optional and not tied to a specific religion

Wisconsin V. Yoder (what does Wisconsin have??)

-First Amendment: Free exercise

-Amish religion states that they should stop education after 8th grade but laws state all children must attend school till 16.

-Law violated their free exercise and they are now able to stop attending school when needed

McDonald V. Chicago

-Second Amendment

-Removes the ban of hand guns in Chicago

-It is a fundamental right to the people for protection

Gideon V. Wainwright

-6th Amendment

Gideon was charged 5 years for breaking and entering but at his trial he wasn’t accompanied by a attorney so he sued

-Everyone has the right to attorney no matter financial status

nobody can pick and choose who is or isn’t worthy of an attorney

NY Times V. US

First Amendment: Freedom of Press

-Cant stop an article before its published but it can be taken down after

-Can publish even classified info as long as its not harmful

Citizens V. FEC

Campaigns were limited before elections and big companies complained that their freedom of speech was being taken away, This limit was found unconstitutional and now bug companies can spend however much money they want into election campaigns

Tinker V. Des Moines

First Amendment: Freedom of speech

-Students(tinkers) wore a black arm band symbolizing a protest against the Vietnam war

-were asked to take it off by the school

-Schools must now prove with evidence that something is disruptive before banning it from a school

Schenck V. US(what does the us have really good)

First Amendment:Freedom of Speech

-Guy makes a phamplet convincing others to resist the war draft

-Speech can be limited if it dangers national security