Unit 9 AP World History

Antibiotic

A medicine used to save lives because it destroys harmful bacteria and cures
infections.

Birth control

Any method used to reduce births, including celibacy, delayed marriage, contraception; devices or medication that prevent implantation of fertilized
zygotes, and induced abortions.

Crossbreeding

When members of different species breed together.

Fertility rates

Average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years which occur between the ages of 15 and 44.

Genetic engineering

Process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms.

Green Revolution

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

Internet

A global network connecting millions of computers, making it possible to exchange information.

Radio

A communication system based on broadcasting electromagnetic waves.

Shipping containers

Large metal boxes used to store goods on ships; can be easily removed from ships to a train or semi truck trailer.

Vaccine

A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

The most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection.

Antiretroviral drugs

Used to treat infections caused by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

Carbon footprint

The total carbon dioxide emissions produced by an individual, group, or location.

Doctors Without Borders

A secular humanitarian-aid non-government organization that deals with armed conflicts, epidemics, and natural disasters.

Green Belt Movement

Kenyan movement focusing on preventing further deforestation.

Green Party

A minor party dedicated to the environment, social justice, nonviolence, and the foreign policy of nonintervention. Ralph Nader ran as the party's nominee in 2000.

Kyoto Protocol

Controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries.

Paris Agreement

Most recent global agreement on climate change was result of COP 21 in Paris.

Polio

A highly contagious infectious disease of the spinal cord caused by a filterable virus.

Tuberculosis

An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs.

Deng Xiaoping

Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong.

Economic Liberalization

The process of limiting the power of the state over private property and market forces.

Human rights

The basic rights to which all people are entitled as human beings.

Knowledge economy

A society no longer based primarily on the production of material goods but instead on the production of knowledge.

Liberation theology

A movement within the Catholic church to understand Christianity from the perspective of the poor and oppressed, with a focus on fighting injustice.

Multinational Corporation

An organization that manufactures and markets products in many different countries and has multinational stock ownership and multinational management.

Negritude

Literary movement in Africa; attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African culture; celebrated the beauty of black skin and African physique; associated with origins of African nationalist movements.

Protective tariff

A tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so people will buy domestic goods.

Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

Wangari Maathai

Started the Green Belt Movement in Kenya.

Americanization

Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens.

Bollywood

Indian version of Hollywood (film industry), centered in Mumbai (formerly Bombay).

Brexit

A term for the potential or hypothetical departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union.

Debt Restructuring

A method used by countries to alter the terms of their debt agreements in order to achieve some advantage.

Ecotourism

The practice and business of recreational travel based on concern for the environment.

Fair trade

Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.

Falun Gong

Chinese spiritual movement suppressed by the government since the late 1990s.

Modernism

A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as
outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.

New Age

A novel blend of magic and religion, ancient and futuristic beliefs, and utilitarian and mystical ethics and philosophies.

Sustainable development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Augusto Pinochet

Chilean military leader who in a coup deposed the communist, elected leader, Salvador Allende; one party rule dictatorship with human rights abuses.

Desmond Tutu

Leading spokesman of passive resistance to apartheid in the 1980's. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 for his attempts to replace
apartheid with a racially equal South African society.

General Assembly (UN)

The main representative organ of the United Nations.

Jonas Salk

Developed the polio vaccine in 1952.

Margaret Thatcher

Leader of conservatives in Great Britain who came to power. Pledged to limit social welfare, restrict union power, and end inflation. She dominated British politics in 1980s.

Pope Francis

He is the current Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church.

Secretary-general

A title given to the principal administrator of some organizations, most notably the United Nations.

Security council

Body charged primarily with maintaining international peace and security.

World Bank

A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation.

World Food Program

Provides direct food aid and food for work interventions during shocks.