Chapter 14: Eating Disorders & Disordered Eating

Psychological disturbances that can lead to abnormal food-related behaviors and subsequent dangerous physiological complications are called

eating disorders

Mild or short-term changes in eating habits that occur in response to stress or a desire to modify the diet for health or appearance reasons is the definition for which of the following?

Disordered eating

Show the progression from ordered to disordered eating, with the first step at the top.

1. Normal and healthy eating behavior & Acceptance of body shape

2. Disordered eating patterns & Concerns about body image and shape

3. Clinically-evident eating disorder recognized & Dissatisfaction with body shape

Binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are all examples of

eating disorders

Risk factors for eating disorders include:

• having a history of frequent dieting.

• having a perfectionist personality.

• having a poor self-image and low self-esteem.

• being teased or bullied.

An eating disorder is a term used to describe a short-term and mild change in a person's eating habits.

False

Chaotic and abnormal food-related practices, such as skipping meals, limiting food choices, following fad diets, or binge eating that occur on a temporary basis are called _ eating behaviors.

disordered

Which factors can contribute to the development of an eating disorder?

• Social

• Psychological

• Genetic

Which of the following is associated with disordered eating?

• Skipping meals or following fad diets

• Concerns about body image

Genetic factors ______ play a role in a person's risk of developing an eating disorder.

may

Which of the following are types of eating disorders?

• Bulimia nervosa

• Anorexia nervosa

• Binge eating disorder

Frequent social media use in young adults has contributed to rising rates of eating disorders.

True

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are more likely to occur during which stage of growth?

Adolescence

Which psychological factors often accompany eating disorders?

• Mood disorders

• Anxiety disorders

Which are income or lifestyle factors that increase the risk of developing an eating disorder?

• having an occupation such as ballet dancing, acting, or fashion modeling

• living in an industrialized high-income country

• participating in athletic competitions in which weight is a factor

People with a mother or sister with anorexia nervosa are ______ likely to develop an eating disorder themselves.

more

Examples of stressful events or situations that can lead to the development of an eating disorder are:

• dealing with a dysfunctional family.

• moving to a new location.

• going away to college.

Genetic factors may play a role in a person's risk of developing eating disorder.

True

Characteristics of parents that foster the development of eating disorders in their children include:

• criticizing the the child for excess weight.

• having a negative attitude toward their own body.

• being overprotective.

The psychological disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation that results in malnutrition and severe weight loss is called

anorexia nervosa

People with eating disorders typically have a distorted view of their

body weight or shape

People with anorexia nervosa:

• severely restrict their food intake.

• have distorted body images.

Eating disorders are less prevalent in industrialized, high-income countries.

False

Types of psychological disorders seen in people with anorexia nervosa include:

• obsessive-compulsive disorder.

• depression.

• anxiety.

• bipolar disorder.

A stressful life event that can lead to the development of an eating disorder is called a(n) 

trigger

Which eating disorder has the highest mortality?

Anorexia nervosa

Parents who have healthy eating behaviors and have a positive attitude about their bodies can help ______ the development of eating disorders in their children.

prevent

A girl will not experience ______ until she has an adequate level of body fat, typically about 17% of body weight.

menarche

Choose the best definition for emaciation.

Very low body weight

Bulimia nervosa is charcterized by:

• purging.

• binge eating. 

An intense fear of gaining weight compels people with anorexia nervosa to:

• exercise excessively.

• diet frequently.

• fast frequently.

Eating large amounts of food in a short time period is called

binge eating

People with anorexia nervosa typically do not have psychological disorders.

False

Symptoms of people diagnosed with bulimia nervosa include:

frequent heartburn.

chronic sore throat.

electrolyte imbalance.

worn tooth enamel.

In order to diagnose a patient with anorexia nervosa, health care providers look for changes in body _ _ (BMI) and body _ over time.

• Field 1: mass

• Field 2: index

• Field 3: composition

Individuals with bulimia nervosa are easy to identify because they have BMIs in the obese range.

False

The onset of the first menstrual cycle for female adolescents is called

menarche

The hypokalemia observed in people suffering from bulimia nervosa can result in:

• skeletal muscle damage.

• an increased risk of sudden death.

• cardiac arrhythmias.

Choose the two classic characteristics of bulimia nervosa.

• Binge eating

• Purging

Choose the two classic characteristics of binge eating disorder.

• individuals consuming a large amount of food over a brief period.

• does not include purging behavior.

Common signs and symptoms of binge eating disorder are:

• eating alone because they are embarrassed.

• eating large amounts of food when not hungry.

• eating more rapidly than normal and until uncomfortably full.

Intestinal distress, severe dehydration, frequent heartburn, and electrolyte imbalances are all signs and symptoms of______.

bulimia nervosa

Because people with binge-eating disorder do not purge, their risk for ______ increases.

obesity

Choose the statements that are true about bulimia nervosa (BN).

• A person with BN can be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight.

• A person with BN often feels ashamed about their behavior and tries to hide it.

• A person with BN is difficult to identify by appearance.

Disordered eating behaviors that do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder are called "_ " feeding or _ disorders.

• Field 1: other

• Field 2: specified

• Field 3: eating

The physiological consequences of repeated binging and purging include:

• infected salivary glands.

• bleeding of the esophagus.

The eating disorder that features recurrent episodes of overeating without purging is called _ _ _ (BED).

binge eating disorder

People with diabulimia ______.

skip insulin injections

After binging, the patient with binge-eating disorder usually feels:

• depressed.

• guilty.

• disgusted.

• ashamed.

People with BED are more likely to develop which of the following obesity-related conditions?

• Type 2 diabetes

• Hypertension

The form of disordered eating in which an individual becomes extremely obsessed with eating healthy foods is called

orthorexia nervosa

Night eating syndrome and purging disorder are classified as ______ eating disorders.

"other specified"

Choose the disordered eating patterns that are described in DSM-5 as unspecified feeding or eating disorders.

• Diabulimia

• Muscle dysmorphia

• Orthorexia

A disordered eating pattern that is characterized by an unhealthy preoccupation with the body being too thin or not muscular enough is called

muscle dysmorphia

The disorder used to describe type I diabetics who manipulate their body weight by skipping insulin injections or using less insulin than prescribed is called

diabulimia

The three interrelated components of the female athlete triad are:

• reduced bone mineral density.

• low energy availability.

• menstrual disturbances.

Females exhibiting the female athlete triad may intentionally restrict their calorie intake to:

• lose weight.

• improve athletic performance.

• maintain a lean physique.

The goal of a person with orthorexia nervosa is to ______.

strive for a perfect diet

Low energy availability in female athletes is associated with a(n) ______ deficiency.

estrogen

Efforts to prevent eating disorders in high risk individuals should focus on:

• improving self-confidence.

• challenging the concept that "thin is ideal".

• fostering body acceptance.

People with muscle dysmorphia:

• exercise obsessively.

• are usually male.

• are often body builders.

A condition that occurs as a result of the interrelationships among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density in female _ _ athletes is called female.

athlete triad

The optimal treatment of eating disorders requires a multidisciplinary team of experts in the following fields:

• mental health.

• medicine.

• nutrition.

Which of the following health problems can occur in a person exhibiting all the the signs of the female athlete triad?

• Osteoporosis

• Amenorrhea

• eating disorders

• Stress fractures

Physiological consequences of low estrogen levels include:

• menstrual disturbances.

• reduced bone mass.

In order to help prevent the development of eating disorders, efforts should focus on the early detection of people with the following risk factors:

• disordered eating patterns.

• a distorted body image

Treatments for eating disorders should include:

• medical nutrition therapy.

• psychotherapy.

The optimal treatment of eating disorders requires a multidisciplinary team of experts in the following fields:

• nutrition.

• mental health.

• medicine.