Isomerism overview

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6 Terms

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Structural isomerism

Molecules with same molecular formula but a different structural formula

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Stereoisomers

Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulae but a different arrangement of the atoms in space

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Chain isomerism

The carbon chain of molecules with the same molecular formulae can vary, causing isomerism

  • e.g. C4H10, butane and methylpropane

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Position isomerism

Functional groups can be in different positions on the carbon chain, causing in isomers

  • e.g. C3H7OH, propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol

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Functional group isomerism

Some compounds with same molecular formula can contain different functional groups

  • e.g Aldehydes and Ketones, propanal and propanone, C3H6O

  • e.g. Carboxylic acids and esters, propanoic acid, methyl ethanoate, ethyl methanoate, C3H6O2

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Optical isomerism

  • Molecules with same molecular formula but a different spatial arrangement of atoms in space

    • Occurs when there is an asymmetrical carbon, aka a chiral centre

    • Molecules containing a C with 4 different groups attached exhibit optical isomerism