HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

Classical

Abacus

the flat square on top of a capital; uppermost member of a capital

Ancon or Console

a scrolled bracket which supports a cornice or entablature over a door or a window

Andron/andronitis

the part of a building used by men especially at the bariquet room

Apotheca

store room wine storage

Cylostyle

a circular projecting portico

Dentils

a small square block used in seris in an Ionic, Corinthian, Comoposite and rarely in Doric cornices

Dromos

the long deep passageway to an ancient egyptian tomb

Entasis

a slight convex curve used on greek columns (vertical and horizontal) to correct the optical illusion of concavity which result to dropping and sagging

Fluting

a shallow, concave groove running vertically on the shaft of a column, pilaster or other surfaces

Glypotheca

a sculpture gallery

Hecatompedon

a building 100 ft in length or width

Konistra

in ancient greek theatre, it was the orchestra

Loggia

an arcaded or colonnaded porch or gallery attached to a larger structure

Modillion

console on the other side of a doorway supporting a cornice

Pliinth

the lowest square member of the base treasury house

Quadriga

a chariot drawn by 4 horses

Thesaurus

in ancient greece it is the treasury house

Triga

a chariot drawn by 3 horses

Volute

a spiral scroll in an ionic capital

Aegean Art

term used to describe the bronze age land around the aegean sea

Marble

This was the chief building materials (geological influence)

Nature

Aegeans worshipped _____

Natural phenomena

Greeks worshipped ________

Aphrodite - Venus

goddess of commerce, love and beauty

Apollo - Apollo

god of law and reason, art music and poetry

Ares - Mars

god of war

Artemis - Diana

goddess of chastity

Athena - Minerva

goddess of learning and wisdom

Demeter - Ceres

goddess of earth and agriculture

Dionysus - Bacchus

god of wine and feasting

Hephaestus - Vulcan

god of fire, flame and forgery

Hera - Juno

wife of zeus, goddess of marriage

Heracles - Hercules

son of zeus, muthical half god and man

Hermes - Mercury

messenger of the gods

Hestia - Vesta

goddess of health and home

Nike - Victoria

goddess of vistory

Pan - Pan

god of flock

Poseidon - Neptune

god of the sea

Zeus - Jupiter

supreme god, ruler of the sky, chief god

Early period (3000BC - 700BC)

Aegeans, Minoans and Myceneans were the only people in Greece in this time period

Hellenic Period

Essentially columnar and trabeated in Acropolis which was crowned by parthenon. and was then convertedinto a christian church

1. low pitch or flat roof

2. stairways

3. houses termed as “megaron” and palaces were principal building types

Characteristic features of aegean architecture or early period

1. Enclosed porch

2. living apartment or pmegaron proper

3. “Thalamus” or sleeping room

Megaron areas in the Aegean architecture or early period

1. Cyclopean

2. Polygonal

3. Rectangular

4. Inclined blocks

4 methods of walling surface finishes

Cyclopean

masonry made-up of huge stone blocks laid mortar a masonry which is constructed

Polygonal

masonry which is constructed with stones having polygonal face

Rectangular

block of stone cut into rectangular shape

Inclined blocks

stones with inclined blocks

1. Simplicity and Harmony

2. Purity of Lines

3. Perfection of Proportions

4. Refinement of Details

Characteristics of greek architecture

Temples

Chief building type during the hellenic period, which were built towards east

Winged vistory of samothrace or the winged knight

the greatest masterpiece of hellenistic sculpture

1. Use rectangular plan

2. Temple gateways “propylaea”

3. Collonade 

4. lacunaria

5. Walls were made of stones

6. marble sculptures

7. mural paintings

8. optical illusions

Characteristic features of temples

Propylon or propylaea

an outer monumental gateway standing before a main gateway

1. Gate of lions, mycenae

2. palaces

3. Tombs

Examples of aegean architecture

Gate of lions, mycenae

Stone sculpture in europe, most ancient

Palaces

used by kings or local chieftain

Tombs

Treasury of atreus, mycenae

1. Tholosa stone

2. Rock-cut or chamber tomb

2 types of aegean tombs

Tholossa stone

vaulted construction, shaped like an old behive

Rock-cut or chmber tomb

rectangular chamber, cut within the slop hill-side approach by dromos

Temenos

or sacred enclosure, also known as citadel or acropolis or upper city

1. Principal Temple

2. Pinacotheca (picture gallery)

3. Glyphotheca (sculpture gallery)

4. Statue of Athena

5. The Erechtheion

6. Old Temple of Athena

7. The Partheno

8. Theater of Dionysos

9. Stoa of Eumenes

10. Odeion of Herodes Atticus

11. Temple of Nike Aptros

Important structures of hellenic period

Civic square

square city or market place

agora, forum, piazza, place, market

Translation of civic square in

1. greek

2. roman

3. italian

4. french

5. english

temples

were the chief building in greek architecture, usually the plan is in rectangular in shape

1. Naos

2. Pronaos

3. Espinaos or opisthodomus

Parts of a greek temple

Crepidome

first three steps in a greek temple

stereobate

first two steps in a greek temple

stylobate

final step in the finished floor line of a greek temple

collonade

series of columns in a greek temple

cella

also called wall in a greekt temple

pteroma

spaces between walls and collonades in a greek temple

1. according to the number of columns on the entrance

2. arrangement of the exterior columns

Two ways of describing temples

1. temenos

2. civic square

3. temples

4. propylaea

5. theater

6. public building

Examples of greek architecture

Theater

an open air structure which consisted of orchestra, auditorium, or cavea

Theater of epidauros

the most beautiful example of greek theater and well preserved

Polycleitus

Architect of the theater of epidauros

Theater of dionysos

Considered to be the pro greek theater and accommodating almost 18000 spectators

Public building

restoration of athens, olympus delphi and epidauros gave an idea of distributions of buildings on this famous sites

Agora or town square

An open air meeting place for the transaction of business and also market place

stora

a long colonnaded building which serves to connect public monuments

odeion

a theater building used mainly by musicians in the presentations

stadium/stadion

foot race course and also used for other athletic performances

hippodrome

plan similar to stadium but longer for horses and chariot racing

gymnasium

a place for physical exercise both palaestra and gymnasium were prototype of roman thermae

Naval buildings

includes ship-sheds and stores

Mausoleum or monumental tombs

One of the famous of all tombs and one of the seven wonders of the world

domestic building or greek house

usually one storey with rooms built around an internal court with porticoes on the three side and chambers grouped around

echinus

above the neck term in a doric structure

abacus

top most part of the column term in a doric structure

metope

blank part of this entablature term in a doric structure

triglyph

with details and flutings term in a doric structure

acroterion

ornament on the edge of the roof term in a doric structure

fieze

decorated part of ionic in between two moldings

cornice

topmost part in an ionic structure

pediment

triangular part of the ionic structure

Fempleshenon

dedicated to the goddess athena, largest greek temple

Ictinus and callicrates

architect of fempleshenon

Phedias

Master sculture of fempleshenon

The temple of zeus

2nd largest greek temple