Urinary System

the function of the urinary system is to maintain _____________

homeostasis

the two major organs of the urinary system are:

kidneys and bladder

the two tubes that transport/filtrate urine are the:

urethra and ureters

the kidney is surrounded by the ______ capsule

renal

the kidney is the primary site where blood gets converted in ______

urine

the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney- millions become ____

urine

cortical nephrons are most __________ and found in the renal ______

abundant; cortex

juxtamedullary nephrons are found in the renal __________

medulla

nephrons consist of two major regions:

renal corpuscle and JG apparatus

glomerulus is a ball of ________ in the golumerular capsule

capillaries

the glomerular capsule wraps around capillaries and ________

filtrates

the visceral layer is the ___________ layer and composed of _____________

innermost; podocytes

the JG apparatus is composed of the ________ ________ and ___________ cells

macula densa and granular cells

the macula densa signals granular cells to release __________

renin

the granular cells ________ renin

release

urea is recycled in the renal ______________

medualla

there are many factors that affect the rate of glomerular filtration:

GHP, BCOP, and CHP

GHP favors movement ______

out

BCOP and CHP favors movement ________

in

________ decreases GFR

SNS

_______ increases GFR

ANP

________ decreases urine production

ADH

a high GFR means you are ________________

dehydrated

a low GFR means you have a buildup of ________

wastes

the nephron loop is responsible for _____________ secretion

tubular

the three regions of the nephron loop are the ______________ limb (______), ________________ limb (_______), and the ______________ limb (______)

descending (thin), descending (thin), ascending (thick)

the function of the nephron loop is to ______ the volume of urine

reduce

the medulla has ______ concentration of solutes

high

the countercurrent multiplier system is when the ascending and descending limbs move in the ____________ direction

opposite

the counter current exhange is the exchange of _____ and ____ increases as fluid moves

H20 and salts

the DCT is responsible for _____ reabsoprtion

Na+

the DCT can absorb water if _________

needed

most water is is reabsorped in the ______

PCT

ANP is responsible for _____ reabsorption

Na+

ADH is responsible for _______ reabsorption

H20

sodium is the highest ____________ ion

extraceullar

potassium is the highest ___________ ion

intracellular

______________ regulates K levels

aldosterone

calcium is located in our bones and regulated by _________ and __________

PTH and calcitonin

our blood ph must be maintained at a range of 7.35-7.45

true

to maintain pH our body contains 3 ________ systems

buffer

the chemical buffer is the ________, but is the ____________

fastest, lowest

the renal buffer is the slowest, but is the _________

highest

type A cells screte _____

H

type B cells secrete ________

HCO3

the internal urethral sphincter is __________

involuntary

the external urethral muscle is ________

voluntary

micturation is _______ of urine, and is regulated by the PSNS

release