Pulmonary Edema

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to pulmonary edema, including definitions, clinical manifestations, and treatment options.

Pulmonary Edema

A condition characterized by excess fluid in the lungs.

Anatomic Alterations in Pulmonary Edema

Results from excessive movement of fluid from the pulmonary vascular system to the extravascular system and air spaces of the lungs.

Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary edema caused by a cardiac condition, commonly due to Congestive Heart Failure.

Non-cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary edema resulting from various causes unrelated to heart failure, such as increased capillary permeability.

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)

A measure of the ability of the left ventricle to pump blood; normal range is 55% to 70%.

Hydrostatic Pressure

The pressure exerted by a fluid due to gravity; in pulmonary edema, an increase leads to fluid leakage from capillaries.

Oncotic Pressure

The pressure exerted by proteins in blood plasma that helps keep fluid in blood vessels.

Atelectasis

A condition characterized by collapsed alveoli, often resulting from increased alveolar surface tension.

Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Edema

Signs include increased respiratory rate, cyanosis, cough with frothy sputum, and Cheyne-Stokes respirations.

Pulmonary Edema Treatment

Depends on the underlying cause; includes oxygen therapy, reducing preload and afterload, and inotropic support.

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

A treatment that increases intrathoracic pressure to decrease venous return and help redistribute pulmonary edema.

BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide)

A hormone secreted in response to increased ventricular blood volume; elevated levels indicate heart failure.