Ch 31 DRUGS Endocrine Pancreas Pharmacology

Lispro Insulin

Class: Ultra-Rapid Insulin Replacement

• Inject minutes before meals

• FAST absorption

Treats:

• Type 1 Diabetes

Regular Insulin

Class: Short-Acting Insulin Replacement

Treats:

• Type 1 Diabetes

Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) Insulin

Class: Intermediate-Acting Insulin Replacement

• Prolonged absorption time

Treats:

• Type 1 Diabetes

Glargine Insulin

Class: Long-Acting Insulin Replacement

• Steady release of insulin without peak/trough variations

Treats:

• Type 1 Diabetes

Miglitol

Class: Glucose Absorption Inhibitor

• Apha-glucosidase inhibitor

• Reduces blood glucose

• DOES NOT cause hypoglycemia

Treats:

• Type 2 Diabetes

***BAD FOR patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Sulfonyureas

Class: Insulin Release Stimulant

• Insulin secretagogues

• Stimulates pancreatic beta cells to release insulin

• CAN CAUSE hypoglycemia

• Can cause weight gain (BAD FOR OBESE PATIENTS)

Treats:

• Type 2 Diabetes

Rosiglitazone

Class: Insulin Receptor Enhancer

• Insulin Sensitizer

• Thiazolidinedione (TZD)

• Agonist for PPARy

• Improves insulin sensitivity

• DOES NOT increase insulin levels

• DOES NOT CAUSE hypoglycemia

Treats:

• Type 2 Diabetes

Diazoxide

Class: Hyperinsulinemia treatment

• Prevents insulin secretion in tumor cells

Treats:

• Hyperinsulinemia due to tumors

Octreotide

Class: Hyperinsulinemia treatment

• Somatostatin analogue

• Blocks insulin release

Treats:

• Type 2 Diabetes

Glucagon Injection

Class: Hypoglycemia treatment

• INJECTION (not oral- will degrade)

• Requires existing glycogen stores in liver

Treats:

• Severe Hypoglycemia