Local and national governments and TNC’s influence

post-deindustrialization

Change is an industry have affected the population and function of settlements. This has created extreme inequality.

• labs and research

• Skyscrapers

• Repurposed buildings

• Quinary High-tech research

• Pedestrianised Areas

• Buildings to accommodate tertiary and quatenary industry

deindustrialization of the steel industry

• steel employed 30,000 people

• In 2015 SSI at Redcar, Teesids Closed with 2000 redundancies

• India’s TNC Tata shot in Scunthorpe with 4 1/2 thousand redundancies as it was cheaper to manufacture Abroad

The overheated south

• there was not a lot of manufacturing in the south

• During the economic boom (privatizing businesses and closing redundant mines) 19 97–2007. The region now has a 48% growth output.

• Every other region has seen decline

London Docklands (TNCs and National gov)

• London Gateway was used more

• businesses around the Duckland closed, which caused a loss of 12,000 jobs

• 60% of men were unemployed in some areas

• Population fell by 100,000 in 10 years

• Decline of economy, cause racial tensions and police resistance

The national governments effect on the London Docklands

• LDDC (London docklands development)

• Created profitable, housing, and prestige infrastructure to stimulate economic growth

• Canary wharf was built

• HSBC em Barclays opened

• London city airport added to

• This simulated Quatenary employment and higher earning jobs

• 100,000 commuters every day and reduce deprivation

Negatives of the London docklands regeneration

• lack of social housing

• Replacement of secondary industry

• In 2022 21% of Newham earned only £12/hr

Heygate estate

• regeneration

• Demolished 2011 2014

• Plans to regenerate the elephant and castle shopping center

challenges of the Heygate Estate regeneration

• no social housin

• Only 25% of houses were affordable

• Residence evicted

• Renewable energy

• Gentrification housing is now more expensive

• Selling previously council housing to private developers

opportunities of the Heygate Estate Regeneration

• 2400 new homes

• A new school

• Jobs created

• New park

• Improved deprivation

• TNCs profited

Pepys estate- Local government

1869. The dockyard closed.

1966

• social housing built using an old rum factory

• 24 story tower with 1200 household created

1980s Crime, mugging, vandalism, and antisocial behavior increased due to dark long corridors

1990s there was an investment in the estate, but did not resolve crime the estate was then bought by Hyde group

2000

• Hyde group entered partnership with the borough

• Regenerated the areas image

• Increased quality of housing

• Residents forced out