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AP Psychology Topic 3.7
Behavioral Perspective
Focuses on how behavior is learned through interactions with the environment
Classical Conditioning
Learning by associating two stimuli, leading to an automatic response
Acquisition
The process of learning the association between a stimulus and response
UCS (Unconditioned Stimulus)
A stimulus that naturally triggers a response
UCR (Unconditioned Response)
An automatic response to the UCS
CS (Conditioned Stimulus)
A previously neutral stimulus that, after association with the UCSM triggers a response
CR (Conditioned Response)
A learned response to the CS
Extinction
The weakening of a learned response when the CS is no longer paired with the UCS
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance of an extinct response after a rest period
Discriminative Stimulus
A cue that signals when a behavior will be reinforced or punished
Stimulus Generlization
Responding similiarly to stimuli that resemble the CS
Stimulus Discrimination
Learning to respond only to a specific stimulus, not similar ones
Higher-Order Conditioning
Pairing a new stimulus with an already established CS to create a new association
Classical Conditioning of Emotions
Associating a neutral stimulus with an emotional response (e.g., fear of dogs after being bitten)
Classical Conditioning in Therapy (Counterconditioning)
Replacing an unwanted response with a more desirable one (e,g, pairing relaxation with a feared stimulus)
Taste Aversions
Developing a dislike for a food after a single bad experience (e.g., getting sick)
One Trial Conditioning
Learning that occurs after just one pairing of stimuli
Biological Preparedness
The tendency to learn certain associations more easily due to evolution (e.g., fearing snakes)
Habituation
Decreased response to a repeated stimulus over time
