The Adaptive Immune System

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to the adaptive immune system and its distinctions from the innate immune system.

Innate immune system

Also known as natural or native immunity, provides immediate protection and does not have memory of prior exposure.

Adaptive immune system

Also known as acquired immunity, provides a slower, more focused defense and has memory of prior exposure.

Phagocytes

Cells that engulf and digest pathogens.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by B lymphocytes that specifically target and bind to antigens.

T lymphocytes

A type of white blood cell that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.

Clonal expansion

The process by which lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to an antigen.

Natural Killer (NK) cells

A type of lymphocyte that is part of the innate immune system and can kill infected or cancerous cells.

Memory lymphocytes

Long-lived immune cells that remember past infections and respond more effectively upon re-exposure.

Humoral immunity

Type of immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells.

Cell-mediated immunity

Type of immunity involving T lymphocytes that target infected or cancerous cells directly.

Physical barriers

First line of defense against pathogens, includes skin and mucosal membranes.

Inflammatory response

The body's localized response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.