Science Reviewer: Louis Pasteur and Properties

Flashcards covering the biography, scientific discoveries, and timeline of Louis Pasteur, as well as the definitions and examples of physical and chemical properties.

Who is known as the "Father of Microbiology" and what were his primary dates of birth and death?

Louis Pasteur; born December 27, 1822, and died September 28, 1895.

According to the lecture, what did Louis Pasteur's experiments help explain regarding microorganisms?

Their role in fermentation, disease, contamination, food safety, and vaccination.

What specific chemical transformations occur during fermentation when yeast is present?

Yeast uses sugar to produce carbon dioxide and ethanol.

What was the primary conclusion of the Swan-Neck Flask Experiment?

It challenged spontaneous generation by proving that microorganisms come from existing sources, such as dust, rather than appearing from nonliving matter.

How is pasteurization defined in the notes?

The use of controlled heat for a specific amount of time, followed by cooling, to reduce harmful and spoilage microorganisms in food or drinks.

In the context of vaccination, what does "attenuation" mean?

Weakening a microorganism so its disease-causing ability is reduced.

Which three diseases were mentioned as being connected to Pasteur's work on the principle of vaccination?

Chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies.

Match the year 1848 to Pasteur's scientific contribution.

Molecular asymmetry, which helped develop stereochemistry.

What contribution did Pasteur make in 1888?

He established the Pasteur Institute to support research in microbiology and medicine.

Define a physical property.

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the substance into a new substance.

Define a chemical property.

A characteristic that describes a substance's ability to form new substances through chemical change.

Give four examples of physical properties listed in the notes.

Color, Odor, State of matter, Texture, Solubility, or Melting point.

Give three examples of chemical properties listed in the notes.

Reactivity, Flammability, Ability to oxidize, or Ability to react with acids.

Why is the solubility of detergent in water classified as a physical property?

Because it helps the detergent spread through wash water without changing the substance itself into something new.

According to the safety reminders, why should household chemicals never be mixed?

Because they can react (a chemical property) and release heat, irritating gases, or other hazardous substances.

What was the 'Big Idea' regarding Pasteur's impact on everyday life?

Careful evidence can lead to safer everyday life through food safety, infection prevention, and disease prevention.