unit 3 Mexico

Dependency Theory

some nations gained wealth at the expense of other nations, especially through colonization

Fragile States Index

an annual report published by the Fund for Peace (FFP) that assesses the vulnerability of states to conflict or collapse, based on 12 indicators, and ranks all UN member states with sufficient data available

Global South

third world; a term used to broadly describe countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania

globalization

the process of expanding and intensifying linkages among states, societies, and economies

Human Development Index (HDI)

A statistical tool that attempts to evaluate the overall wealth, health, and knowledge of a country’s people.

health, education, and standard of living

microcredit

A system in which small loans are channeled to the poor through borrowing groups whose members jointly take responsibility for repayment.

small loans to individuals in developing countries

Multinational corporation (MNC)

Firms that produce, distribute, and market their goods or services in more than one country

newly industrialized country (NIC)

A historically less-developed country that has experienced significant economic growth and democratization

nongovernmental organization (NGO)

a mission-driven, typically non-profit organization that operates independently of government control, often focused on humanitarian

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply

13 member countries + mexico and others, controlling 73% of known global reserves

Structural adjustment Programs

A policy of economic liberalization adopted in exchange for financial support from liberal international organization; typically includes privatizing state-fun firms, ending subsidies, reducing tariff barriers, shrinking the size of the state, and welcoming foreign investments.

are frequently required by the IMF for additional loans

subsistence economy

a system where people primarily produce goods and resources to meet their own basic needs, rather than for profit or exchange

in the south especially, production is frequently focused on providing for yourself and your community rather than for export and trade.

camarilla

A hierarchical network in which offices and benefits were exchanged in return for loyalty to the head or "Caudillo"

19th and 20th century political networks

Institutional revolutionary Party (PRI)

ruled Mexico from 1927 to 2000 71 years of mexican independence

maquiladora

Foreign-owned manufacturing US get cheap labor, mexicans get training, in frastructure, and jobs

mestizo

Term used to describe Mexicans of mixed racial origin

National Action Party (PAN)

the leading right-of-center opposition party in Mexico

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

linking Mexico, Canada, and the United States

signed in 1992 and implemented in 1994, aimed at eliminating trade barriers and promoting economic cooperation among the three nations.

Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)

Mexico's main left-of-center opposition party

Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX)

Mexican state-owned petroleum corporation managed and operated by the Mexican government

sexeño

the six-year term limit on the Mexican presidency and state governments